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World English Bible

Psalms 40

World English Bible, Verse 12

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¹² For innumerable evils have surrounded me. My iniquities have overtaken me, so that I am not able to look up. They are more than the hairs of my head. My heart has failed me.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 40:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 63

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אַתָּ֤ה יְהוָ֗ה לֹא־תִכְלָ֣א רַחֲמֶ֣יךָ מִמֶּ֑נִּי חַסְדְּךָ֥ וַ֝אֲמִתְּךָ֗ תָּמִ֥יד יִצְּרֽוּנִי׃

10 word entries

אַתָּ֤ה

Lemma: 859 a
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H859
Occurrences: 535

יְהוָ֗ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

לֹא

Lemma: 3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 3277

תִכְלָ֣א

Lemma: 3607
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3607
Occurrences: 13

רַחֲמֶ֣יךָ

Lemma: 7356 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7356
Occurrences: 20

מִמֶּ֑נִּי

Lemma: 4480 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4480
Occurrences: 1059

חַסְדְּךָ֥

Lemma: 2617 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2617
Occurrences: 193

וַ֝אֲמִתְּךָ֗

Lemma: c/571
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H571
Occurrences: 27

תָּמִ֥יד

Lemma: 8548
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8548
Occurrences: 78

יִצְּרֽוּנִי

Lemma: 5341
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5341
Occurrences: 49

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐν τούτῳ ἔγνων, ὅτι τεθέληκάς με ὅτι οὐ μὴ ἐπιχαρῇ ὁ ἐχθρός μου ἐπʼ ἐμέ.

15 word entries

Ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

τούτῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

ἔγνων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γινώσκω
Transliteration: egnon
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 1st singular
Gloss: I knew
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To know, recognize, perceive, or understand.
Occurrences: 284

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

τεθέληκάς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: τεθέληκάς
Transliteration: tethelekas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

με

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

οὐ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

μὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μή
Transliteration: me
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not, lest
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle commonly used with non-indicative moods.
Occurrences: 2979

ἐπιχαρῇ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐπιχαρῇ
Transliteration: epichar
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἐχθρός

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐχθρός
Transliteration: echthros
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 210

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

ἐπʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐπί
Transliteration: ep
Morphology: preposition, elided form
Gloss: on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences: 6685

ἐμέ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܦ ܐܢܬ ܡܪܝܐ ܠܐ ܬܟܠܐ ܡܢܝ ܪ̈ܚܡܝܟ ܐܠܐ ܪ̈ܚܡܝܟ ܘܗܝܡܢܘܬܟ ܒܟܠ ܙܒܢ ܢܢܛܪܘܢܢܝ

13 word entries

ܐܦ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܦ
Transliteration: 'p
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 586

ܐܢܬ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܐܢܬ
Transliteration: ant
Morphology: personal pronoun, second singular
Gloss: you
Occurrences: 901

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: maryah
Morphology: divine title, emphatic form
Gloss: Lord
Occurrences: 2917

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܠܐ
Transliteration: la
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2566

ܬܟܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܟܠܐ
Transliteration: tkl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 6

ܡܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢܝ
Transliteration: mny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 130

ܪ̈ܚܡܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܚܡܝܟ
Transliteration: rhmyk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 29

ܐܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܠܐ
Transliteration: 'l'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 564

ܪ̈ܚܡܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܚܡܝܟ
Transliteration: rhmyk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 29

ܘܗܝܡܢܘܬܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܗܝܡܢܘܬܟ
Transliteration: whymnwtk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 10

ܒܟܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܟܠ
Transliteration: bkl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 124

ܙܒܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܙܒܢ
Transliteration: zbn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 33

ܢܢܛܪܘܢܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܢܛܪܘܢܢܝ
Transliteration: nntrwnny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

בִּגְלַל כֵּן אַתְּ יְיָ לָא תִמְנַע רַחֲמָךְ מִנִי טוּבָךְ וְקוּשְׁטָךְ תְּדִירָא יִנְטְרוּנַנִי׃

12 word entries

בִּגְלַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גלל
Transliteration: bgll
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 84

כֵּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כן
Transliteration: kn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 422

אַתְּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: את
Transliteration: 't
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 423

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

תִמְנַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תמנע
Transliteration: tmn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

רַחֲמָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רחמך
Transliteration: rchmk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 17

מִנִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מני
Transliteration: mny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 268

טוּבָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טובך
Transliteration: twbk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 36

וְקוּשְׁטָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קושטך
Transliteration: wqwshtk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 15

תְּדִירָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תדירא
Transliteration: tdyr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 69

יִנְטְרוּנַנִי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ינטרונני
Transliteration: yntrwnny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

In hoc cognovi quoniam voluisti me, quoniam non gaudebit inimicus meus super me.

13 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

hoc

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hic
Transliteration: hoc
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4646

cognovi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cognosco
Transliteration: cognovi
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 369

quoniam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quoniam
Transliteration: quoniam
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1134

voluisti

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uolo
Transliteration: voluisti
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 538

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: me
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

quoniam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quoniam
Transliteration: quoniam
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1134

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

gaudebit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gaudeo
Transliteration: gaudebit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 112

inimicus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inimicus
Transliteration: inimicus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 389

meus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: meus
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

super

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: super
Transliteration: super
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3146

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: me
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 40

Source Text Study

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