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World English Bible

Psalms 14

World English Bible, Verse 4

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⁴ Have all the workers of iniquity no knowledge, who eat up my people as they eat bread, and don’t call on Yahweh?

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 14:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 73

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

הֲלֹ֥א יָדְעוּ֮ כָּל־פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן אֹכְלֵ֣י עַ֭מִּי אָ֣כְלוּ לֶ֑חֶם יְ֝הוָ֗ה לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ׃

12 word entries

הֲלֹ֥א

Lemma: i/3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle + particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 272

יָדְעוּ֮

Lemma: 3045
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3045
Occurrences: 637

כָּל

Lemma: 3605
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3605
Occurrences: 3268

פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י

Lemma: 6466
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6466
Occurrences: 47

אָ֥וֶן

Lemma: 205
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H205
Occurrences: 71

אֹכְלֵ֣י

Lemma: 398
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H398
Occurrences: 481

עַ֭מִּי

Lemma: 5971 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5971
Occurrences: 682

אָ֣כְלוּ

Lemma: 398
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H398
Occurrences: 481

לֶ֑חֶם

Lemma: 3899
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3899
Occurrences: 232

יְ֝הוָ֗ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

לֹ֣א

Lemma: 3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 3277

קָרָֽאוּ

Lemma: 7121
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7121
Occurrences: 350

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐξουδένωται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ πονηρευόμενος, τοὺς δὲ φοβουμένους Κύριον δοξάζει· ὁ ὀμνύων τῷ πλησίον αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐθετῶν·

17 word entries

Ἐξουδένωται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐξουδένωται
Transliteration: exoydenotai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἐνώπιον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐνώπιον
Transliteration: enopion
Morphology: preposition/adverb
Gloss: before, in the presence of
Part of Speech: preposition/adverb
Definition: Before or in the presence of.
Occurrences: 516

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

πονηρευόμενος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πονηρευόμενος
Transliteration: ponereyomenos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

τοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

φοβουμένους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: φοβουμένους
Transliteration: phoboymenoys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

Κύριον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

δοξάζει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: δοξάζει
Transliteration: doxazei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ὀμνύων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὀμνύων
Transliteration: omnyon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πλησίον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πλησίον
Transliteration: plesion
Morphology: adverb/substantive, indeclinable or neuter accusative singular
Gloss: near, neighbor
Part of Speech: adverb/substantive
Definition: Near, nearby, or neighbor depending on use.
Occurrences: 199

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

οὐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

ἐθετῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐθετῶν
Transliteration: etheton
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܠܐ ܝܕܥܘ ܟܠ ܥܒ̈ܕܝ ܥܘܠܐ ܐ̈ܟܠܝ ܠܥܡܝ ܡܐܟܠ ܠܚܡܐ ܘܠܡܪܝܐ ܠܐ ܩܪܘ

12 word entries

ܘܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WL>
Morphology: W-L>
Occurrences: 0

ܝܕܥܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: JD<W
Morphology: JD<[W
Occurrences: 0

ܟܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: KL
Morphology: KL/
Occurrences: 0

ܥܒ̈ܕܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <B"DJ
Morphology: <BD[/J
Occurrences: 0

ܥܘܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <WL>
Morphology: <WL=/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܐ̈ܟܠܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >"KLJ
Morphology: >KL[/J
Occurrences: 0

ܠܥܡܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: L<MJ
Morphology: L-<M=/-J
Occurrences: 0

ܡܐܟܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: M>KL
Morphology: !M!>KL[/
Occurrences: 0

ܠܚܡܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LXM>
Morphology: LXM/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܠܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WLMRJ>
Morphology: W-L-MRJ>/
Occurrences: 0

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: L>
Morphology: L>
Occurrences: 0

ܩܪܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: QRW
Morphology: QR(J[W
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

הֲלָא יְדָעוּ כָּל עַבְדֵי שְׁקַר סָעֲדֵי עַמִי סָעֲדוּ לַחְמָא שְׁמָא דַייָ לָא בָרִיכוּ׃

13 word entries

הֲלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הלא
Transliteration: hl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 287

יְדָעוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידעו
Transliteration: yd'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 18

כָּל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: כל
Transliteration: kl
Morphology: collective noun/adjective
Gloss: all, every
Occurrences: 2135

עַבְדֵי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עבד
Transliteration: 'bdy
Morphology: verbal or nominal root עבד
Gloss: made, did, served
Occurrences: 1208

שְׁקַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שקר
Transliteration: shqr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 132

סָעֲדֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סעדי
Transliteration: s'dy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 15

עַמִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמי
Transliteration: 'my
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 427

סָעֲדוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סעדו
Transliteration: s'dw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

לַחְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חמא
Transliteration: lchm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 106

שְׁמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמא
Transliteration: shm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 147

דַייָ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דיי
Transliteration: dyy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1761

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

בָרִיכוּ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ריכו
Transliteration: brykw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 18

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Ad nihilum deductus est in conspectu ejus malignus; timentes autem Dominum glorificat. Qui jurat proximo suo, et non decipit;

19 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

nihilum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nihilum
Transliteration: nihilum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 49

deductus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: deduco
Transliteration: deductus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 101

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

conspectu

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: conspectus
Transliteration: conspectu
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 413

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

malignus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: malignus
Transliteration: malignus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 18

timentes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: timeo
Transliteration: timentes
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 477

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

Dominum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

glorificat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: glorifico
Transliteration: glorificat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 78

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

iurat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iuro
Transliteration: iurat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 181

proximo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: propior
Transliteration: proximo
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 158

suo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suo
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

decipit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: decipio
Transliteration: decipit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 75

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 14

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Psalms 79:6

Jeremiah 10:25

Psalms 82:5

Romans 1:28

Isaiah 64:7

Amos 8:4

Psalms 27:2

Isaiah 45:20

Isaiah 29:14

Job 27:10

Galatians 5:15

Hosea 7:7