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Jump to a verse in Psalms 148

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World English Bible

Psalms 148

World English Bible, Verse 3

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³ Praise him, sun and moon! Praise him, all you shining stars!

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 148:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 47

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּ שֶׁ֣מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֑חַ הַ֝לְל֗וּהוּ כָּל־כּ֥וֹכְבֵי אֽוֹר׃

7 word entries

הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּ

Lemma: 1984 b
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperative 2rd person masculine plural + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1984
Occurrences: 107

שֶׁ֣מֶשׁ

Lemma: 8121
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8121
Occurrences: 31

וְיָרֵ֑חַ

Lemma: c/3394
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3394
Occurrences: 9

הַ֝לְל֗וּהוּ

Lemma: 1984 b
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperative 2rd person masculine plural + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1984
Occurrences: 107

כָּל

Lemma: 3605
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3605
Occurrences: 3268

כּ֥וֹכְבֵי

Lemma: 3556
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3556
Occurrences: 11

אֽוֹר

Lemma: 216
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H216
Occurrences: 66

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Αἰνεῖτε αὐτόν ἥλιος καὶ σελήνη, αἰνεῖτε αὐτόν πάντα τὰ ἄστρα καὶ τὸ φῶς.

13 word entries

Αἰνεῖτε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: αἰνεῖτε
Transliteration: aineite
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 30

αὐτόν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἥλιος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἥλιος
Transliteration: helios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: sun
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Sun.
Occurrences: 177

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

σελήνη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σελήνη
Transliteration: selene
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 22

αἰνεῖτε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: αἰνεῖτε
Transliteration: aineite
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 30

αὐτόν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

πάντα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πᾶς
Transliteration: pas
Morphology: adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: all, every
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: All, every, whole.
Occurrences: 6138

τὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἄστρα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄστρα
Transliteration: astra
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 17

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

φῶς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: φῶς
Transliteration: phos
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: light
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Light.
Occurrences: 113

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܫܒܚܘܗܝ ܫܡܫܐ ܘܣܗܪܐ ܫܒܚܘܗܝ ܟܠ ܟܘ̈ܟܒܐ ܘܢܘܗܪܐ

7 word entries

ܫܒܚܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܒܚܘܗܝ
Transliteration: shbhwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 17

ܫܡܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܡܫܐ
Transliteration: shmsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 99

ܘܣܗܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܣܗܪܐ
Transliteration: wshr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 8

ܫܒܚܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܒܚܘܗܝ
Transliteration: shbhwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 17

ܟܠ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܟܠ
Transliteration: kul
Morphology: quantifier/adjective
Gloss: all, every
Occurrences: 569

ܟܘ̈ܟܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܘܟܒܐ
Transliteration: kwkb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 13

ܘܢܘܗܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܘܗܪܐ
Transliteration: wnwhr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 12

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

שַׁבַּחוּ יָתֵיהּ שִׁמְשָׁא וְסִיהֲרָא שַׁבַּחוּ יָתֵיהּ כָּל כּוֹכְבֵי נְהוֹרָא׃

9 word entries

שַׁבַּחוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שבחו
Transliteration: shbchw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 85

יָתֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתיה
Transliteration: ytyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 381

שִׁמְשָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמשא
Transliteration: shmsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 136

וְסִיהֲרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סיהרא
Transliteration: wsyhr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 24

שַׁבַּחוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שבחו
Transliteration: shbchw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 85

יָתֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתיה
Transliteration: ytyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 381

כָּל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: כל
Transliteration: kl
Morphology: collective noun/adjective
Gloss: all, every
Occurrences: 2135

כּוֹכְבֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: וכבי
Transliteration: kwkby
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 5

נְהוֹרָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נהורא
Transliteration: nhwr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 35

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Laudate eum, sol et luna; laudate eum, omnes stellæ et lumen.

11 word entries

laudate

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: laudo
Transliteration: laudate
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 167

eum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

sol

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sol
Transliteration: sol
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 201

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

luna

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: luna
Transliteration: luna
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 51

laudate

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: laudo
Transliteration: laudate
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 167

eum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

omnes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: omnis
Transliteration: omnes
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5506

stellae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: stella
Transliteration: stellae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 59

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

lumen

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lumen
Transliteration: lumen
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 90

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Genesis 8:22

While the earth remains, seed time and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night will not cease.”

2 relevance votes

Deuteronomy 4:19

and lest you lift up your eyes to the sky, and when you see the sun and the moon and the stars, even all the army of the sky, you are drawn away and worship them, and serve them, which Yahweh your God has allotted to all the peoples under the whole sky.

2 relevance votes

Jeremiah 33:20

“Yahweh says: ‘If you can break my covenant of the day and my covenant of the night, so that there will not be day and night in their time,

1 relevance votes

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