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World English Bible

Psalms 109

World English Bible, Verse 2

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² for they have opened the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of deceit against me. They have spoken to me with a lying tongue.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 109:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 58

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

כִּ֤י פִ֪י רָשָׁ֡ע וּֽפִי־מִ֭רְמָה עָלַ֣י פָּתָ֑חוּ דִּבְּר֥וּ אִ֝תִּ֗י לְשׁ֣וֹן שָֽׁקֶר׃

11 word entries

כִּ֤י

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

פִ֪י

Lemma: 6310
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6310
Occurrences: 266

רָשָׁ֡ע

Lemma: 7563
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H7563
Occurrences: 201

וּֽפִי

Lemma: c/6310
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6310
Occurrences: 21

מִ֭רְמָה

Lemma: 4820
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4820
Occurrences: 27

עָלַ֣י

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

פָּתָ֑חוּ

Lemma: 6605 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6605
Occurrences: 96

דִּבְּר֥וּ

Lemma: 1696
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1696
Occurrences: 702

אִ֝תִּ֗י

Lemma: 854
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H854
Occurrences: 674

לְשׁ֣וֹן

Lemma: 3956
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3956
Occurrences: 72

שָֽׁקֶר

Lemma: 8267
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8267
Occurrences: 91

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ῥάβδον δυνάμεως ἐξαποστελεῖ σοι Κύριος ἐκ Σιὼν, κατακυρίευε ἐν μέσῳ τῶν ἐχθρῶν σου.

13 word entries

Ῥάβδον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ῥάβδος
Transliteration: rhabdon
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss: rod, staff
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Rod, staff, scepter, or branch.
Occurrences: 69

δυνάμεως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δύναμις
Transliteration: dynamis
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: power, strength
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Power, strength, ability, army, or host.
Occurrences: 521

ἐξαποστελεῖ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξαποστελεῖ
Transliteration: exapostelei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

σοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

Κύριος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

ἐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκ
Transliteration: ek
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, out of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences: 3500

Σιὼν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Σιών
Transliteration: Sion
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Zion
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Zion.
Occurrences: 181

κατακυρίευε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κατακυρίευε
Transliteration: katakyrieye
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

μέσῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μέσος
Transliteration: meso
Morphology: adjective/substantive, dative masculine/neuter singular
Gloss: middle, midst
Part of Speech: adjective/substantive
Definition: Middle or midst.
Occurrences: 505

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἐχθρῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐχθρός
Transliteration: echthron
Morphology: noun/adjective, genitive plural
Gloss: of enemies
Part of Speech: noun/adjective
Definition: Enemy or hostile one.
Occurrences: 210

σου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܛܠ ܕܦܘܡܗ ܕܪܫܝܥܐ ܘܦܘܡܗ ܕܢܟܘܠܬܢܐ ܐܬܦܬܚ ܥܠܝ ܡܠܠܘ ܥܡܝ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܕܓܠܐ

11 word entries

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܕܦܘܡܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܦܘܡܗ
Transliteration: dpwmh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 17

ܕܪܫܝܥܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܪܫܝܥܐ
Transliteration: drshy''
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 47

ܘܦܘܡܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܦܘܡܗ
Transliteration: wpwmh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

ܕܢܟܘܠܬܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢܟܘܠܬܢܐ
Transliteration: dnkwltn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܐܬܦܬܚ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܬܦܬܚ
Transliteration: 'tpth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5

ܥܠܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠܝ
Transliteration: 'ly
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 218

ܡܠܠܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܠܠܘ
Transliteration: mllw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 13

ܥܡܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡܝ
Transliteration: 'my
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 164

ܒܠܫܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܠܫܢܐ
Transliteration: blshn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 11

ܕܓܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܓܠܐ
Transliteration: dgl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 55

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אֲרוּם פּוּמָא דְרַשִׁיעָא וּפוּמָא דְנִכְלָא עֲלַי פָּתְחִין מַלִילוּ עִמִי לִישָׁן דִשְׁקָר׃

11 word entries

אֲרוּם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארום
Transliteration: 'rwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 997

פּוּמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פומא
Transliteration: pwm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 32

דְרַשִׁיעָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רשיעא
Transliteration: drshy''
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 147

וּפוּמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פומא
Transliteration: wpwm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 32

דְנִכְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נכלא
Transliteration: dnkl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 15

עֲלַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלי
Transliteration: 'ly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 440

פָּתְחִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פתחין
Transliteration: ptchyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

מַלִילוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לילו
Transliteration: mlylw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 16

עִמִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמי
Transliteration: 'my
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 427

לִישָׁן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישן
Transliteration: lyshn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 30

דִשְׁקָר׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שקר
Transliteration: dshqr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 132

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Virgam virtutis tuæ emittet Dominus ex Sion: dominare in medio inimicorum tuorum.

12 word entries

virgam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uirga
Transliteration: virgam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 116

virtutis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uirtus
Transliteration: virtutis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 353

tuae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tuus
Transliteration: tuae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5615

emittet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: emitto
Transliteration: emittet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 49

Dominus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ex
Transliteration: ex
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 1715

Sion

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Sion
Transliteration: Sion
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 174

dominare

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominor
Transliteration: dominare
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 90

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

medio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: medius
Transliteration: medio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 558

inimicorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inimicus
Transliteration: inimicorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 389

tuorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tuus
Transliteration: tuorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5615

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 109

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