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World English Bible

Proverbs 26

World English Bible, Verse 6

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⁶ One who sends a message by the hand of a fool is cutting off feet and drinking violence.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 26:6. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 51

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

מְקַצֶּ֣ה רַ֭גְלַיִם חָמָ֣ס שֹׁתֶ֑ה שֹׁלֵ֖חַ דְּבָרִ֣ים בְּיַד־כְּסִֽיל׃

8 word entries

מְקַצֶּ֣ה

Lemma: 7096
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7096
Occurrences: 4

רַ֭גְלַיִם

Lemma: 7272
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine dual absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7272
Occurrences: 182

חָמָ֣ס

Lemma: 2555
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2555
Occurrences: 48

שֹׁתֶ֑ה

Lemma: 8354
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8354
Occurrences: 111

שֹׁלֵ֖חַ

Lemma: 7971
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7971
Occurrences: 405

דְּבָרִ֣ים

Lemma: 1697
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1697
Occurrences: 866

בְּיַד

Lemma: b/3027
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3027
Occurrences: 546

כְּסִֽיל

Lemma: 3684
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H3684
Occurrences: 43

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐκ τῶν ὁδῶν ἑαυτοῦ ὄνειδος ποιεῖται ὁ ἀποστείλας διʼ ἀγγέλου ἄφρονος λόγον.

12 word entries

Ἐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκ
Transliteration: ek
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, out of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences: 3500

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ὁδῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὁδῶν
Transliteration: odon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 20

ἑαυτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἑαυτοῦ
Transliteration: heautou
Morphology: reflexive pronoun, genitive masculine/neuter singular
Gloss: of himself, his own
Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun
Definition: Reflexive pronoun himself, herself, itself, themselves.
Occurrences: 462

ὄνειδος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὄνειδος
Transliteration: oneidos
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: reproach, disgrace
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Reproach, disgrace, insult, or shame.
Occurrences: 43

ποιεῖται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ποιεῖται
Transliteration: poieitai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀποστείλας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀποστείλας
Transliteration: aposteilas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

διʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: διά
Transliteration: di
Morphology: preposition, elided form
Gloss: through, because of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided form of διά.
Occurrences: 881

ἀγγέλου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀγγέλου
Transliteration: aggeloy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

ἄφρονος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄφρονος
Transliteration: aphronos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 18

λόγον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λόγος
Transliteration: logon
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative singular
Gloss: word, matter
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Word, speech, account, matter, or reason.
Strong's: G3056
Occurrences: 1103

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܢ ܬܚܝܬ ܪܓܠܗ ܫܬܐ ܥܘ̣ܠܐ ܡ̇ܢ ܕܡܫܕܪ ܡܠܬܐ ܒܝܕ ܣܟܠܐ

10 word entries

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܬܚܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܚܝܬ
Transliteration: thyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 116

ܪܓܠܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܓܠܗ
Transliteration: rglh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5

ܫܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܬܐ
Transliteration: sht'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 35

ܥܘ̣ܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܘܠܐ
Transliteration: 'wl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 232

ܡ̇ܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܕܡܫܕܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܫܕܪ
Transliteration: dmshdr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 8

ܡܠܬܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܠܬܐ
Transliteration: meltha
Morphology: noun, feminine emphatic singular
Gloss: word, matter
Occurrences: 116

ܒܝܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܝܕ
Transliteration: byd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 54

ܣܟܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܟܠܐ
Transliteration: skl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 46

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

מַן דְרָהֲטָא בְרִגְלוֹי שְׁתֵי חֲטוֹפָא מַן דִמְשַׁדַר מִלֵי בְיַד סִכְלָא׃

10 word entries

מַן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

דְרָהֲטָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רהטא
Transliteration: drht'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

בְרִגְלוֹי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רגלוי
Transliteration: brglwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 17

שְׁתֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שתי
Transliteration: shty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 44

חֲטוֹפָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חטופא
Transliteration: chtwp'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 9

מַן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

דִמְשַׁדַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: משדר
Transliteration: dmshdr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 5

מִלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מלי
Transliteration: mly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 102

בְיַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ביד
Transliteration: byd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 191

סִכְלָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סכלא
Transliteration: skl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 38

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Claudus pedibus, et iniquitatem bibens, qui mittit verba per nuntium stultum.

11 word entries

claudus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: claudus
Transliteration: claudus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 28

pedibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pes
Transliteration: pedibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 362

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

iniquitatem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iniquitas
Transliteration: iniquitatem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 460

bibens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: bibo
Transliteration: bibens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 319

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

mittit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mitto
Transliteration: mittit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1165

verba

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uerbum
Transliteration: verba
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1162

per

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: per
Transliteration: per
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 1915

nuntium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nuntius
Transliteration: nuntium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 134

stultum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: stultus
Transliteration: stultum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 129

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Proverbs 26

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Ranked cross references

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Proverbs 25:13

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