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World English Bible

Proverbs 25

World English Bible, Verse 26

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²⁶ Like a muddied spring and a polluted well, so is a righteous man who gives way before the wicked.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 25:26. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 57

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

מַעְיָ֣ן נִ֭רְפָּשׂ וּמָק֣וֹר מָשְׁחָ֑ת צַ֝דִּ֗יק מָ֣ט לִפְנֵֽי־רָשָֽׁע׃

8 word entries

מַעְיָ֣ן

Lemma: 4599
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4599
Occurrences: 19

נִ֭רְפָּשׂ

Lemma: 7515
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7515
Occurrences: 2

וּמָק֣וֹר

Lemma: c/4726
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H4726
Occurrences: 1

מָשְׁחָ֑ת

Lemma: 7843
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hophal participle passive
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7843
Occurrences: 74

צַ֝דִּ֗יק

Lemma: 6662
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H6662
Occurrences: 160

מָ֣ט

Lemma: 4131
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H4131
Occurrences: 35

לִפְנֵֽי

Lemma: l/6440
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender plural construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6440
Occurrences: 1012

רָשָֽׁע

Lemma: 7563
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H7563
Occurrences: 201

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὥσπερ εἴ τις πηγὴν φράσσοι καὶ ὕδατος ἔξοδον λυμαίνοιτο, οὕτως ἄκοσμον δίκαιον πεπτωκέναι ἐνώπιον ἀσεβοῦς.

15 word entries

Ὥσπερ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὥσπερ
Transliteration: hosper
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: just as, as
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 236

εἴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: εἴ
Transliteration: ei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 28

τις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τις
Transliteration: tis
Morphology: pronoun, nominative singular
Gloss: someone, anyone, who?
Part of Speech: indefinite/interrogative pronoun
Definition: Indefinite or interrogative pronoun depending on accent/context.
Occurrences: 190

πηγὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πηγὴν
Transliteration: pegen
Morphology: accusative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 21

φράσσοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: φράσσοι
Transliteration: phrassoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ὕδατος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὕδωρ
Transliteration: hydor
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: water
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Water.
Occurrences: 629

ἔξοδον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἔξοδον
Transliteration: exodon
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

λυμαίνοιτο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: λυμαίνοιτο
Transliteration: lymainoito
Morphology: verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

οὕτως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὕτως
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: thus, so
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: Thus, so, in this way.
Occurrences: 776

ἄκοσμον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἄκοσμον
Transliteration: akosmon
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

δίκαιον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δίκαιος
Transliteration: dikaios
Morphology: adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: righteous, just
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: Righteous, just, upright.
Occurrences: 227

πεπτωκέναι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: πεπτωκέναι
Transliteration: peptokenai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἐνώπιον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐνώπιον
Transliteration: enopion
Morphology: preposition/adverb
Gloss: before, in the presence of
Part of Speech: preposition/adverb
Definition: Before or in the presence of.
Occurrences: 516

ἀσεβοῦς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀσεβοῦς
Transliteration: aseboys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 33

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܝܟ ܕܣܟܪ ܐܢܫ ܡܒܘܥܐ ܘܡܦܩܢܐ ܕܡ̈ܝܐ ܡܚܒܠ ܗܟܢܐ ܗܘ ܙܕܝܩܐ ܡܐ ܕܢܦܠ ܩܕܡ ܥܘܠܐ

14 word entries

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܕܣܟܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܣܟܪ
Transliteration: dskr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܐܢܫ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܫ
Transliteration: 'nsh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 251

ܡܒܘܥܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܒܘܥܐ
Transliteration: mbw''
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 24

ܘܡܦܩܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܦܩܢܐ
Transliteration: wmpqn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܕܡ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܝܐ
Transliteration: dmy'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 83

ܡܚܒܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܚܒܠ
Transliteration: mhbl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 12

ܗܟܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܟܢܐ
Transliteration: hkn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 718

ܗܘ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘ
Transliteration: hu
Morphology: pronoun/copula, masculine singular
Gloss: he, it, is
Occurrences: 2003

ܙܕܝܩܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܙܕܝܩܐ
Transliteration: zdyq'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 97

ܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܐ
Transliteration: m'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 214

ܕܢܦܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢܦܠ
Transliteration: dnpl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 23

ܩܕܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܕܡ
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1019

ܥܘܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܘܠܐ
Transliteration: 'wl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 232

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

הֵיךְ דְסָכֵיר אֱנֵישׁ מַעְיָנָא וּמַבּוּעָא מְחַבֵּל צַדִיקָא דְנָפֵל קֳדָם רַשִׁיעָא׃

10 word entries

הֵיךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היך
Transliteration: hyk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 459

דְסָכֵיר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סכיר
Transliteration: dskyr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

אֱנֵישׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אניש
Transliteration: 'nysh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

מַעְיָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עינא
Transliteration: m'yn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 35

וּמַבּוּעָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מבועא
Transliteration: wmbw''
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

מְחַבֵּל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חבל
Transliteration: mchbl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 11

צַדִיקָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צדיקא
Transliteration: tsdyq'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 74

דְנָפֵל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נפל
Transliteration: dnpl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 57

קֳדָם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 2023

רַשִׁיעָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רשיעא
Transliteration: rshy''
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 147

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Fons turbatus pede et vena corrupta, justus cadens coram impio.

10 word entries

fons

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fons
Transliteration: fons
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 95

turbatus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: turbo
Transliteration: turbatus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 111

pede

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pes
Transliteration: pede
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 362

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

vena

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uena
Transliteration: vena
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 9

corrupta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: corrumpo
Transliteration: corrupta
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 36

iustus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iustus
Transliteration: iustus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 427

cadens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cado
Transliteration: cadens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 410

coram

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: coram
Transliteration: coram
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 710

impio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: impius
Transliteration: impio
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 267

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

1 Thessalonians 2:15

who killed both the Lord Jesus and their own prophets, and drove us out, and don’t please God, and are contrary to all men,

3 relevance votes

Acts 7:52

Which of the prophets didn’t your fathers persecute? They killed those who foretold the coming of the Righteous One, of whom you have now become betrayers and murderers.

2 relevance votes

Genesis 4:8

Cain said to Abel, his brother, “Let’s go into the field.” While they were in the field, Cain rose up against Abel, his brother, and killed him.

2 relevance votes

Revelation 17:6

I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus. When I saw her, I wondered with great amazement.

2 relevance votes

Ezekiel 32:2

“Son of man, take up a lamentation over Pharaoh king of Egypt, and tell him, ‘You were likened to a young lion of the nations; yet you are as a monster in the seas. You broke out with your rivers, and troubled the waters with your feet, and fouled their rivers.’”

2 relevance votes

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