Numbers
Chapter 13
Verse 16
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Numbers 13

World English Bible, Verse 16

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16 These are the names of the men who Moses sent to spy out the land. Moses called Hoshea the son of Nun Joshua.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Numbers 13:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 67
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אֵ֚לֶּה שְׁמ֣וֹת הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָת֣וּר אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּקְרָ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃

15 word entries
אֵ֚לֶּה
Lemma
428
Morphology
Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech
pronoun
Strong's
H428
Occurrences
320
שְׁמ֣וֹת
Lemma
8034
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H8034
Occurrences
521
הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים
Lemma
d/376
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H376
Occurrences
288
אֲשֶׁר
Lemma
834 a
Morphology
Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H834
Occurrences
4808
שָׁלַ֥ח
Lemma
7971
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H7971
Occurrences
405
מֹשֶׁ֖ה
Lemma
4872
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H4872
Occurrences
726
לָת֣וּר
Lemma
l/8446
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H8446
Occurrences
8
אֶת
Lemma
853
Morphology
Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H853
Occurrences
8730
הָאָ֑רֶץ
Lemma
d/776
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H776
Occurrences
981
וַיִּקְרָ֥א
Lemma
c/7121
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H7121
Occurrences
350
מֹשֶׁ֛ה
Lemma
4872
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H4872
Occurrences
726
לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ
Lemma
l/1954
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H1954
Occurrences
5
בִּן
Lemma
1121 a
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1121
Occurrences
4020
נ֖וּן
Lemma
5126
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H5126
Occurrences
30
יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ
Lemma
3091
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3091
Occurrences
196
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀνδρῶν, οὓς ἀπέστειλε Μωυσῆς κατασκέψασθαι τὴν γῆν· καὶ ἐπωνόμασε Μωυσῆς τὸν Αὐσὴ υἱὸν Ναυὴ, Ἰησοῦν.

19 word entries
Ταῦτα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
houtos
Morphology
demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
this one
Part of Speech
demonstrative pronoun
Definition
This, these.
Occurrences
3767
τὰ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ὀνόματα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
onoma
Morphology
noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss
name
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Name.
Occurrences
908
τῶν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ἀνδρῶν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
andron
Morphology
noun, masculine genitive plural
Gloss
of men
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Man, male, husband.
Occurrences
1573
οὓς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ὅς
Transliteration
hous
Morphology
relative pronoun, accusative masculine plural
Gloss
whom, which
Part of Speech
relative pronoun
Definition
Relative pronoun who, which, that.
Occurrences
4123
ἀπέστειλε
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
apesteile
Morphology
verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it sent
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To send, send away, or commission.
Occurrences
328
Μωυσῆς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
Moses
Morphology
proper noun
Gloss
Moses
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Moses.
Occurrences
792
κατασκέψασθαι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
kataskepsasthai
Morphology
nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective/verb form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
13
τὴν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
γῆν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
γῆ
Transliteration
gen
Morphology
noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss
earth, land
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Earth, ground, or land.
Strong's
G1093
Occurrences
2962
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἐπωνόμασε
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
eponomase
Morphology
verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss
he/she ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
16
Μωυσῆς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
Moses
Morphology
proper noun
Gloss
Moses
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Moses.
Occurrences
792
τὸν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
Αὐσὴ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
ayse
Morphology
nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
υἱὸν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
huios
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
son
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences
4805
Ναυὴ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
naye
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Ναυὴ
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
11
Ἰησοῦν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
iesoyn
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Ἰησοῦν
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
39
Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

אִלֵין שְׁמָהַת גֻבְרַיָא דִי שְׁלַח משֶׁה לְאַלָלָא יָת אַרְעָא וּקְרָא משֶׁה לְהוֹשֵׁעַ בַּר נוּן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

15 word entries
אִלֵין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'lyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
187
שְׁמָהַת
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
shmht
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
22
גֻבְרַיָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
gbry'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
70
דִי
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
די
Transliteration
dy
Morphology
relative/genitive particle
Gloss
of, that, which
Occurrences
1640
שְׁלַח
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
שלח
Transliteration
shlch
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
69
משֶׁה
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
משה
Transliteration
mshh
Morphology
proper noun
Gloss
Moses
Occurrences
649
לְאַלָלָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
l'll'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
7
יָת
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
ית
Transliteration
yt
Morphology
accusative/direct object marker
Gloss
direct object marker
Occurrences
2463
אַרְעָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
ארע
Transliteration
'r''
Morphology
noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss
earth, land
Occurrences
840
וּקְרָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
קרא
Transliteration
wqr'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
102
משֶׁה
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
משה
Transliteration
mshh
Morphology
proper noun
Gloss
Moses
Occurrences
649
לְהוֹשֵׁעַ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
lhwsh'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
3
בַּר
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
בר
Transliteration
br
Morphology
noun masculine singular
Gloss
son
Occurrences
1211
נוּן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
נון
Transliteration
nwn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
16
יְהוֹשֻׁעַ
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Transliteration
yhwsh'
Morphology
proper noun
Gloss
Joshua
Occurrences
26
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܗܠܝܢ ܫܡ̈ܗܐ ܕܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܕܫܕܪ ܡܘܫܐ ܠܡܓܫ ܐܪܥܐ. ܘܩܪܐ ܡܘܫܐ ܠܗܘܫܥ ܒܪܢܘܢ ܝܫܘܥ.

12 word entries
ܗܠܝܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
hlyn
Morphology
possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences
840
ܫܡ̈ܗܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
shmh'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
35
ܕܓܒܪ̈ܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dgbr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
109
ܕܫܕܪ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dshdr
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
21
ܡܘܫܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
mwsh'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
195
ܠܡܓܫ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lmgsh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
6
ܐܪܥܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Transliteration
ara
Morphology
noun, feminine emphatic singular
Gloss
earth, land
Occurrences
731
ܘܩܪܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wqr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
113
ܡܘܫܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
mwsh'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
195
ܠܗܘܫܥ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lhwsh'
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
6
ܒܪܢܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
brnwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
9
ܝܫܘܥ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
yshw'
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
29
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

De tribu Gad, Guel filium Machi.

6 word entries
de
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
de
Transliteration
de
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
4779
tribu
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
tribus
Transliteration
tribu
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
247
Gad
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Gad
Transliteration
Gad
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
72
Guhel
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Guhel
Transliteration
Guhel
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
1
filium
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
filius
Transliteration
filium
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
5067
Machi
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Machius
Transliteration
Machi
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
1

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Numbers 13:8

Of the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Nun.

4 relevance votes

Exodus 17:9

Moses said to Joshua, “Choose men for us, and go out to fight with Amalek. Tomorrow I will stand on the top of the hill with God’s rod in my hand.”

2 relevance votes

Hosea 1:1

Yahweh’s word that came to Hosea the son of Beeri, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash, king of Israel.

1 relevance votes

Deuteronomy 32:44

Moses came and spoke all the words of this song in the ears of the people, he and Joshua the son of Nun.

1 relevance votes

Hebrews 4:8

For if Joshua had given them rest, he would not have spoken afterward of another day.

1 relevance votes

Numbers 14:6

Joshua the son of Nun and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, who were of those who spied out the land, tore their clothes.

1 relevance votes

Romans 9:25

As he says also in Hosea, “I will call them ‘my people,’ which were not my people; and her ‘beloved,’ who was not beloved.”

1 relevance votes

Acts 7:45

which also our fathers, in their turn, brought in with Joshua when they entered into the possession of the nations whom God drove out before the face of our fathers to the days of David,

1 relevance votes

Numbers 14:30

surely you shall not come into the land concerning which I swore that I would make you dwell therein, except Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun.

1 relevance votes
Chapter 13 of 36 Verse 16 of 33