Micah 1

World English Bible, Verse 9

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⁹ For her wounds are incurable; for it has come even to Judah. It reaches to the gate of my people, even to Jerusalem.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Micah 1:9. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 72

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

כִּ֥י אֲנוּשָׁ֖ה מַכּוֹתֶ֑יהָ כִּי־בָ֙אָה֙ עַד־יְהוּדָ֔ה נָגַ֛ע עַד־שַׁ֥עַר עַמִּ֖י עַד־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃

13 word entries

כִּ֥י

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

אֲנוּשָׁ֖ה

Lemma: 605
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H605
Occurrences: 7

מַכּוֹתֶ֑יהָ

Lemma: 4347
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4347
Occurrences: 34

כִּי

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

בָ֨אָה֙

Lemma: 935
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H935
Occurrences: 1266

עַד

Lemma: 5704
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5704
Occurrences: 1038

יְהוּדָ֔ה

Lemma: 3063
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3063
Occurrences: 682

נָגַ֛ע

Lemma: 5060
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5060
Occurrences: 86

עַד

Lemma: 5704
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5704
Occurrences: 1038

שַׁ֥עַר

Lemma: 8179
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8179
Occurrences: 159

עַמִּ֖י

Lemma: 5971 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5971
Occurrences: 682

עַד

Lemma: 5704
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5704
Occurrences: 1038

יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם

Lemma: 3389
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3389
Occurrences: 350

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὅτι κατεκράτησεν ἡ πληγὴ αὐτῆς, διότι ἦλθεν ἕως Ἰούδα, καὶ ἥψατο ἕως πύλης λαοῦ μου, ἕως Ἱερουσαλήμ.

17 word entries

Ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

κατεκράτησεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κατεκράτησεν
Transliteration: katekratesen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

ἡ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πληγὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πληγὴ
Transliteration: plege
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

αὐτῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

διότι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: διότι
Transliteration: dioti
Morphology: causal conjunction
Gloss: because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Causal conjunction.
Occurrences: 317

ἦλθεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔρχομαι
Transliteration: elthen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it came
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To come, go, or move toward.
Occurrences: 656

ἕως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἕως
Transliteration: heos
Morphology: preposition/conjunction
Gloss: until, as far as
Part of Speech: preposition/conjunction
Definition: Temporal or spatial marker.
Occurrences: 1413

Ἰούδα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰούδα
Transliteration: Iouda
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Judah, Judas
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Judah/Judas depending on context.
Occurrences: 692

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἥψατο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἥψατο
Transliteration: epsato
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἥψατο
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 19

ἕως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἕως
Transliteration: heos
Morphology: preposition/conjunction
Gloss: until, as far as
Part of Speech: preposition/conjunction
Definition: Temporal or spatial marker.
Occurrences: 1413

πύλης

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πύλη
Transliteration: pyles
Morphology: noun, feminine genitive singular
Gloss: of a gate
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Gate, entrance, or doorway.
Occurrences: 276

λαοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λαός
Transliteration: laos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: people
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: People, nation, or community.
Occurrences: 1841

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

ἕως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἕως
Transliteration: heos
Morphology: preposition/conjunction
Gloss: until, as far as
Part of Speech: preposition/conjunction
Definition: Temporal or spatial marker.
Occurrences: 1413

Ἱερουσαλήμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἱερουσαλήμ
Transliteration: Ierousalem
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Jerusalem
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Jerusalem.
Occurrences: 763

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܛܠ ܕܟܝܒܐ ܗܝ ܡܚܘܬܗ̇ ܘܡܛܬ ܠܝܗܘܕܐ ܘܩܪܒܬ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܬܪܥܗ ܕܥܡܝ ܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ

11 word entries

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܕܟܝܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܟܝܒܐ
Transliteration: dkyb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 2

ܗܝ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܝ
Transliteration: hi
Morphology: pronoun/copula, feminine singular
Gloss: she, it, is
Occurrences: 578

ܡܚܘܬܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܚܘܬܗ
Transliteration: mhwth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 10

ܘܡܛܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܛܬ
Transliteration: wmtt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܠܝܗܘܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܝܗܘܕܐ
Transliteration: lyhwd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 44

ܘܩܪܒܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܩܪܒܬ
Transliteration: wqrbt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 10

ܥܕܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܕܡܐ
Transliteration: 'dm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 606

ܠܬܪܥܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܬܪܥܗ
Transliteration: ltr'h
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2

ܕܥܡܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܡܝ
Transliteration: d'my
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 31

ܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ
Transliteration: l'wrshlm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 152

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אֲרֵי מְמָרְעָא מֵחֲתָהָא אֲרֵי מְטַת עַד דְבֵית יְהוּדָה קְרִיבַת לְמֵיעַל בְּתַרְעֵי עַמִי עַד יְרוּשְׁלֵם׃

14 word entries

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1969

מְמָרְעָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מרעא
Transliteration: mmr''
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

מֵחֲתָהָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חתהא
Transliteration: mchth'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 4

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1969

מְטַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מטת
Transliteration: mtt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 16

עַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עד
Transliteration: 'd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 885

דְבֵית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: dbyt
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + noun construct/absolute
Gloss: of/that house, household
Occurrences: 2611

יְהוּדָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יהודה
Transliteration: yhwdh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 745

קְרִיבַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קריבת
Transliteration: qrybt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 10

לְמֵיעַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מיעל
Transliteration: lmy'l
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 55

בְּתַרְעֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תרעי
Transliteration: btr'y
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 39

עַמִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמי
Transliteration: 'my
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 427

עַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עד
Transliteration: 'd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 885

יְרוּשְׁלֵם׃

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ירושלם
Transliteration: yrwshlm
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Jerusalem
Occurrences: 642

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

quia desperata est plaga ejus, quia venit usque ad Judam; tetigit portam populi mei usque ad Jerusalem.

17 word entries

quia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quia
Transliteration: quia
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2543

desperata

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: despero
Transliteration: desperata
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 14

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

plaga

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: plaga
Transliteration: plaga
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 264

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

quia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quia
Transliteration: quia
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2543

venit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uenio
Transliteration: venit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 2233

usque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: usque
Transliteration: usque
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 1221

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7531

Iudam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iuda
Transliteration: Iudam
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 970

tetigit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tango
Transliteration: tetigit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 155

portam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: porta
Transliteration: portam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 412

populi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: populus
Transliteration: populi
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2030

mei

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: mei
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

usque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: usque
Transliteration: usque
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 1221

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

Hierusalem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Hierosolyma
Transliteration: Hierusalem
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 852

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Micah 1

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Jeremiah 15:18

Micah 1:12

Isaiah 3:26