44 But I tell you, love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who mistreat you and persecute you,
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Matthew 5:44. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
83
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν, Ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν, εὐλογεῖτε τοὺς καταρωμένους ὑμᾶς, καλῶς ποιεῖτε τοὺς μισοῦντας ὑμᾶς, καὶ προσεύχεσθε ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐπηρεαζόντων ὑμᾶς, καὶ διωκόντων ὑμᾶς·
26 word entries
ἐγὼ
δὲ
λέγω
ὑμῖν
Ἀγαπᾶτε
τοὺς
ἐχθροὺς
ὑμῶν
εὐλογεῖτε
τοὺς
καταρωμένους
- Lemma
- katarwmenouv
- Transliteration
- katarwmenouv
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle/passive deponent participle accusative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2672
- Occurrences
- 2
ὑμᾶς
καλῶς
ποιεῖτε
τοὺς
μισοῦντας
ὑμᾶς
καὶ
προσεύχεσθε
- Lemma
- proseucesqe
- Transliteration
- proseucesqe
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle/passive deponent imperative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4336
- Occurrences
- 14
ὑπὲρ
τῶν
ἐπηρεαζόντων
- Lemma
- ephreazontwn
- Transliteration
- ephreazontwn
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle genitive plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1908
- Occurrences
- 2
ὑμᾶς
καὶ
διωκόντων
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν καὶ προσεύχεσθε ὑπὲρ τῶν διωκόντων ὑμᾶς,
14 word entries
τοὺς
καὶ
προσεύχεσθε
- Lemma
- προσεύχομαι
- Morphology
- V-PNM-2P
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G4336
- Occurrences
- 85
τῶν
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܢܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܡܪ ܐܢܐ ܠܟܘܢ ܐܚܒܘ ܠܒܥܠܕܒܒܝܟܘܢ ܘܒܪܟܘ ܠܡܢ ܕܠܐܛ ܠܟܘܢ ܘܥܒܕܘ ܕܫܦܝܪ ܠܡܢ ܕܣܢܐ ܠܟܘܢ ܘܨܠܘ ܥܠ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܕܒܪܝܢ ܠܟܘܢ ܒܩܛܝܪܐ ܘܪܕܦܝܢ ܠܟܘܢ
24 word entries
ܐܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܐ
- Transliteration
- ena
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, first common singular
- Gloss
- I
- Occurrences
- 1361
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1830
ܐܡܪ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܡܪ
- Transliteration
- emar
- Morphology
- verb root/form
- Gloss
- said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 885
ܐܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܐ
- Transliteration
- ena
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, first common singular
- Gloss
- I
- Occurrences
- 1361
ܠܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lkwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 676
ܐܚܒܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܚܒܘ
- Transliteration
- 'hbw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 7
ܠܒܥܠܕܒܒܝܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܒܥܠܕܒܒܝܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lb'ldbbykwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܒܪܟܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܪܟܘ
- Transliteration
- wbrkw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܠܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܢ
- Transliteration
- lmn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 46
ܕܠܐܛ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐܛ
- Transliteration
- dl't
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lkwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 676
ܘܥܒܕܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܥܒܕܘ
- Transliteration
- w'bdw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 11
ܕܫܦܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܫܦܝܪ
- Transliteration
- dshpyr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 16
ܠܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܢ
- Transliteration
- lmn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 46
ܕܣܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܣܢܐ
- Transliteration
- dsn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 10
ܠܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lkwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 676
ܘܨܠܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܨܠܘ
- Transliteration
- wslw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܐܝܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- 'ylyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 319
ܕܕܒܪܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܕܒܪܝܢ
- Transliteration
- ddbryn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lkwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 676
ܒܩܛܝܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܩܛܝܪܐ
- Transliteration
- bqtyr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 6
ܘܪܕܦܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܪܕܦܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wrdpyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lkwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 676
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Ego autem dico vobis: diligite inimicos vestros, benefacite his qui oderunt vos, et orate pro persequentibus et calumniantibus vos:
19 word entries
ego
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ego
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 6108
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
dico
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dico
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
vobis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uos
- Transliteration
- vobis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2958
diligite
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- diligo
- Transliteration
- diligite
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 338
inimicos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inimicus
- Transliteration
- inimicos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 389
vestros
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uester
- Transliteration
- vestros
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1504
benefacite
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- benefacio
- Transliteration
- benefacite
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 37
his
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- his
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
oderunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- odi
- Transliteration
- oderunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 150
vos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uos
- Transliteration
- vos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2958
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
orate
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- oro
- Transliteration
- orate
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 220
pro
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pro
- Transliteration
- pro
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1148
persequentibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- persequor
- Transliteration
- persequentibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 182
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
calumniantibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- calumnio
- Transliteration
- calumniantibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 2
vos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uos
- Transliteration
- vos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2958
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Romans 12:14
Bless those who persecute you; bless, and don’t curse.
89 relevance votes1 Peter 3:9
not rendering evil for evil or insult for insult; but instead blessing, knowing that you were called to this, that you may inherit a blessing.
83 relevance votesLuke 23:34
Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they don’t know what they are doing.” Dividing his garments among them, they cast lots.
45 relevance votes1 Peter 2:23
When he was cursed, he didn’t curse back. When he suffered, he didn’t threaten, but committed himself to him who judges righteously.
40 relevance votesActs 7:60
He kneeled down and cried with a loud voice, “Lord, don’t hold this sin against them!” When he had said this, he fell asleep.
35 relevance votes2 Kings 6:22
He answered, “You shall not strike them. Would you strike those whom you have taken captive with your sword and with your bow? Set bread and water before them, that they may eat and drink, then go to their master.”
25 relevance votesPsalms 7:4
if I have rewarded evil to him who was at peace with me (yes, I have plundered him who without cause was my adversary),
17 relevance votes