38 An inscription was also written over him in letters of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew: “THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.”
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Luke 23:38. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
61
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ἦν δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφὴ γεγραμμένη ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ γράμμασιν Ἑλληνικοῖς καὶ Ῥωμαϊκοῖς καὶ Ἑβραϊκοῖς, Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων.
19 word entries
Ἦν
δὲ
καὶ
ἐπιγραφὴ
γεγραμμένη
- Lemma
- gegrammenh
- Transliteration
- gegrammenh
- Morphology
- Greek: verb perfect passive participle nominative singular feminine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1125
- Occurrences
- 1
ἐπ᾿
αὐτῷ
γράμμασιν
Ἑλληνικοῖς
- Lemma
- ellhnikoiv
- Transliteration
- ellhnikoiv
- Morphology
- Greek: adjective dative plural neuter
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Strong's
- G1673
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
Ῥωμαϊκοῖς
καὶ
Ἑβραϊκοῖς
Οὗτός
ἐστιν
ὁ
βασιλεὺς
τῶν
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ἦν δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφὴ ἐπ’ αὐτῷ· ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων οὗτος.
11 word entries
ἦν
καὶ
ὁ
τῶν
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܦ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܟܬܝܒ ܠܥܠ ܡܢܗ ܝܘܢܐܝܬ ܘܪܗܘܡܐܝܬ ܘܥܒܪܐܝܬ ܗܢܘ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܝܗܘܕܝܐ
14 word entries
ܐܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܬ
- Transliteration
- 'yt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 330
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1830
ܐܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܦ
- Transliteration
- 'p
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 544
ܟܬܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܬܒܐ
- Transliteration
- ktb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 53
ܕܟܬܝܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܟܬܝܒ
- Transliteration
- dktyb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 50
ܠܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܥܠ
- Transliteration
- l'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 35
ܡܢܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢܗ
- Transliteration
- mnh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 164
ܝܘܢܐܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܘܢܐܝܬ
- Transliteration
- ywn'yt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܪܗܘܡܐܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܪܗܘܡܐܝܬ
- Transliteration
- wrhwm'yt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܥܒܪܐܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܥܒܪܐܝܬ
- Transliteration
- w'br'yt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܗܢܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܢܘ
- Transliteration
- hnw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 58
ܡܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܟܐ
- Transliteration
- malka
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- king
- Occurrences
- 84
ܕܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Transliteration
- dyhwdy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 58
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Erat autem et superscriptio scripta super eum litteris græcis, et latinis, et hebraicis: Hic est rex Judæorum.
17 word entries
erat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- erat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
superscriptio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- superscriptio
- Transliteration
- superscriptio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1
inscripta
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inscribo
- Transliteration
- inscripta
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4
super
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- super
- Transliteration
- super
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3146
illum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
litteris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- littera
- Transliteration
- litteris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 46
graecis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Graecus
- Transliteration
- graecis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 6
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
latinis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Latinus
- Transliteration
- latinis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
hebraicis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Hebraicus
- Transliteration
- hebraicis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 3
hic
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hic
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
rex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- rex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
Iudaeorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iudaei
- Transliteration
- Iudaeorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 362
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Matthew 27:37
They set up over his head the accusation against him written, “THIS IS JESUS, THE KING OF THE JEWS.”
6 relevance votesMark 15:26
The superscription of his accusation was written over him: “THE KING OF THE JEWS.”
6 relevance votesLuke 23:3
Pilate asked him, “Are you the King of the Jews?” He answered him, “So you say.”
3 relevance votesMark 15:32
Let the Christ, the King of Israel, now come down from the cross, that we may see and believe him.” Those who were crucified with him also insulted him.
3 relevance votesMark 15:18
They began to salute him, “Hail, King of the Jews!”
2 relevance votesJohn 19:3
They kept saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and they kept slapping him.
2 relevance votesMatthew 27:11
Now Jesus stood before the governor; and the governor asked him, saying, “Are you the King of the Jews?” Jesus said to him, “So you say.”
2 relevance votes