Lamentations
Chapter 4
1 2 3 4 5
Verse 14
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World English Bible

Lamentations 4

World English Bible, Verse 14

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14 They wander as blind men in the streets. They are polluted with blood, So that men can’t touch their garments.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Lamentations 4:14. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 66
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

נָע֤וּ עִוְרִים֙ בַּֽחוּצ֔וֹת נְגֹֽאֲל֖וּ בַּדָּ֑ם בְּלֹ֣א יֽוּכְל֔וּ יִגְּע֖וּ בִּלְבֻשֵׁיהֶֽם׃ ס

9 word entries
נָע֤וּ
Lemma
5128
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H5128
Occurrences
24
עִוְרִים֙
Lemma
5787
Morphology
Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech
adjective
Strong's
H5787
Occurrences
18
בַּֽחוּצ֔וֹת
Lemma
b/2351
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H2351
Occurrences
30
נְגֹֽאֲל֖וּ
Lemma
1351
Morphology
Hebrew: verb niphal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H1351
Occurrences
8
בַּדָּ֑ם
Lemma
b/1818
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H1818
Occurrences
37
בְּלֹ֣א
Lemma
b/3808
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + particle
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H3808
Occurrences
30
יֽוּכְל֔וּ
Lemma
3201
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H3201
Occurrences
183
יִגְּע֖וּ
Lemma
5060
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H5060
Occurrences
86
בִּלְבֻשֵׁיהֶֽם
Lemma
b/3830
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H3830
Occurrences
4
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

ΝΟΥΝ. Ἐσαλεύθησαν ἐγρήγοροι αὐτῆς ἐν ταῖς ἐξόδοις, ἐμολύνθησαν ἐν αἵματι ἐν τῷ μὴ δύνασθαι αὐτοὺς, ἥψαντο ἐνδυμάτων αὐτῶν.

18 word entries
ΝΟΥΝ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
noyn
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
ΝΟΥΝ
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
4
Ἐσαλεύθησαν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
esaleythesan
Morphology
verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss
were ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
12
ἐγρήγοροι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
egregoroi
Morphology
nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
αὐτῆς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
ἐν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐν
Transliteration
en
Morphology
preposition with dative
Gloss
in, among, with
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's
G1722
Occurrences
13086
ταῖς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ἐξόδοις
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
exodois
Morphology
dative plural masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss
to/for ...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
6
ἐμολύνθησαν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
emolynthesan
Morphology
verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss
were ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
ἐν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐν
Transliteration
en
Morphology
preposition with dative
Gloss
in, among, with
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's
G1722
Occurrences
13086
αἵματι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
aimati
Morphology
dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
33
ἐν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐν
Transliteration
en
Morphology
preposition with dative
Gloss
in, among, with
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's
G1722
Occurrences
13086
τῷ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
μὴ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
μή
Transliteration
me
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not, lest
Part of Speech
particle
Definition
Negative particle commonly used with non-indicative moods.
Occurrences
2979
δύνασθαι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
dynasthai
Morphology
nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective/verb form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
9
αὐτοὺς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
ἥψαντο
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
epsanto
Morphology
verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss
they were ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
ἐνδυμάτων
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
endymaton
Morphology
Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss
of ... / being ...
Part of Speech
participle/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
αὐτῶν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܢܕܘ ܪ̈ܘܪܒܢܝܗ̇ ܒܫ̈ܘܩܝܗ̇ ܘܐܬܦܠܦܠܘ ܒܕܡܐ. ܘܠܐ ܐܫܟ̣ܚܘ ܕܢܩܪܒܘܢ ܠܠܒ̈ܘܫܝܗܘܢ ܰ •

10 word entries
ܢܕܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܢܕܘ
Transliteration
ndw
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
4
ܪ̈ܘܪܒܢܝܗ̇
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
rwrbnyh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
8
ܒܫ̈ܘܩܝܗ̇
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
bshwqyh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
12
ܘܐܬܦܠܦܠܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
w'tplplw
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
2
ܒܕܡܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
bdm'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
20
ܘܠܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܘܠܐ
Transliteration
wl'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
1993
ܐܫܟ̣ܚܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'shkhw
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
37
ܕܢܩܪܒܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dnqrbwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
8
ܠܠܒ̈ܘܫܝܗܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
llbwshyhwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
1
ܰ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
0
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אִיתְטַלְטְלוּ עִוְרִין בְּמָחוֹזִין אִטַּנְפוּ בְדַם קְטוֹלִין בְּחַרְבָּא וְעַל דְלָא הֲווֹ יָכְלִין לְמֶחְמֵי קְרִיבוּ בִּלְבוּשֵׁיהוֹן׃

14 word entries
אִיתְטַלְטְלוּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'yttltlw
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
1
עִוְרִין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'wryn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
3
בְּמָחוֹזִין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
bmchwzyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
4
אִטַּנְפוּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'tnpw
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
2
בְדַם
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
בדם
Transliteration
bdm
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
8
קְטוֹלִין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
qtwlyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
23
בְּחַרְבָּא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
bchrb'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
272
וְעַל
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ועל
Transliteration
w'l
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
516
דְלָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
דלא
Transliteration
dl'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
607
הֲווֹ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
הוו
Transliteration
hww
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
399
יָכְלִין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
yklyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
24
לְמֶחְמֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
lmchmy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
22
קְרִיבוּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
qrybw
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
30
בִּלְבוּשֵׁיהוֹן׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
blbwshyhwn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
5
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Nun Erraverunt cæci in plateis, polluti sunt in sanguine; cumque non possent, tenuerunt lacinias suas.

15 word entries
NUN
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
nunc
Transliteration
NUN
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
620
erraverunt
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
erro
Transliteration
erraverunt
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
73
caeci
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
caecus
Transliteration
caeci
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
79
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
plateis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
platea
Transliteration
plateis
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
87
polluti
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
polluo
Transliteration
polluti
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
146
sunt
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
sunt
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
sanguine
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sanguis
Transliteration
sanguine
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
475
cumque
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
cum
Transliteration
cumque
Morphology
GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences
5272
{cumque}
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
que
Transliteration
{cumque}
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences
4392
non
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
non
Transliteration
non
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
7320
possent
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
possum
Transliteration
possent
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
881
tenuerunt
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
teneo
Transliteration
tenuerunt
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
189
lacinias
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
lacinia
Transliteration
lacinias
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
2
suas
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
suus
Transliteration
suas
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
5783

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Jeremiah 2:34

Also the blood of the souls of the innocent poor is found in your skirts. You didn’t find them breaking in, but it is because of all these things.

4 relevance votes

Isaiah 1:15

When you spread out your hands, I will hide my eyes from you. Yes, when you make many prayers, I will not hear. Your hands are full of blood.

4 relevance votes

Isaiah 56:10

His watchmen are blind. They are all without knowledge. They are all mute dogs. They can’t bark— dreaming, lying down, loving to slumber.

3 relevance votes

Numbers 19:16

“Whoever in the open field touches one who is slain with a sword, or a dead body, or a bone of a man, or a grave, shall be unclean seven days.

3 relevance votes

Hosea 4:2

There is cursing, lying, murder, stealing, and committing adultery; they break boundaries, and bloodshed causes bloodshed.

2 relevance votes

Ephesians 4:18

being darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardening of their hearts.

2 relevance votes

Matthew 15:14

Leave them alone. They are blind guides of the blind. If the blind guide the blind, both will fall into a pit.”

2 relevance votes

Numbers 35:33

“‘So you shall not pollute the land where you live; for blood pollutes the land. No atonement can be made for the land for the blood that is shed in it, but by the blood of him who shed it.

2 relevance votes
Chapter 4 of 5 Verse 14 of 22