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World English Bible

Joel 1

World English Bible, Verse 12

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¹² The vine has dried up, and the fig tree withered— the pomegranate tree, the palm tree also, and the apple tree, even all of the trees of the field are withered; for joy has withered away from the sons of men.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Joel 1:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 101

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

הַגֶּ֣פֶן הוֹבִ֔ישָׁה וְהַתְּאֵנָ֖ה אֻמְלָ֑לָה רִמּ֞וֹן גַּם־תָּמָ֣ר וְתַפּ֗וּחַ כָּל־עֲצֵ֤י הַשָּׂדֶה֙ יָבֵ֔שׁוּ כִּֽי־הֹבִ֥ישׁ שָׂשׂ֖וֹן מִן־בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ ס

18 word entries

הַגֶּ֣פֶן

Lemma: d/1612
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H1612
Occurrences: 13

הוֹבִ֔ישָׁה

Lemma: 3001
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3001
Occurrences: 55

וְהַתְּאֵנָ֖ה

Lemma: c/d/8384
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle definite article + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8384
Occurrences: 2

אֻמְלָ֑לָה

Lemma: 535
Morphology: Hebrew: verb pulal perfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H535
Occurrences: 15

רִמּ֞וֹן

Lemma: 7416
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7416
Occurrences: 8

גַּם

Lemma: 1571
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H1571
Occurrences: 508

תָּמָ֣ר

Lemma: 8558
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8558
Occurrences: 5

וְתַפּ֗וּחַ

Lemma: c/8598
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8598
Occurrences: 1

כָּל

Lemma: 3605
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3605
Occurrences: 3268

עֲצֵ֤י

Lemma: 6086
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6086
Occurrences: 203

הַשָּׂדֶה֙

Lemma: d/7704 b
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H7704
Occurrences: 132

יָבֵ֔שׁוּ

Lemma: 3001
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3001
Occurrences: 55

כִּֽי

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

הֹבִ֥ישׁ

Lemma: 3001
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3001
Occurrences: 55

שָׂשׂ֖וֹן

Lemma: 8342
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8342
Occurrences: 15

מִן

Lemma: 4480 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4480
Occurrences: 1059

בְּנֵ֥י

Lemma: 1121 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1121
Occurrences: 4020

אָדָֽם

Lemma: 120
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H120
Occurrences: 338

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἡ ἄμπελος ἐξηράνθη, καὶ αἱ συκαῖ ὠλιγώθησαν· ῥοὰ, καὶ φοῖνιξ, καὶ μῆλον, καὶ πάντα τὰ ξύλα τοῦ ἀγροῦ ἐξηράνθησαν, ὅτι ᾔσχυναν χαρὰν οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων.

26 word entries

Ἡ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἄμπελος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄμπελος
Transliteration: ampelos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 20

ἐξηράνθη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξηράνθη
Transliteration: exeranthe
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

αἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

συκαῖ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: συκαῖ
Transliteration: sykai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

ὠλιγώθησαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὠλιγώθησαν
Transliteration: oligothesan
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: were ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

ῥοὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ῥοὰ
Transliteration: oa
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

φοῖνιξ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: φοῖνιξ
Transliteration: phoinix
Morphology: third-declension nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

μῆλον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μῆλον
Transliteration: melon
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

πάντα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πᾶς
Transliteration: pas
Morphology: adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: all, every
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: All, every, whole.
Occurrences: 6138

τὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ξύλα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ξύλον
Transliteration: xylon
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: wood, tree
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Wood, tree, timber, or wooden object.
Occurrences: 258

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀγροῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀγρός
Transliteration: agrou
Morphology: noun, masculine genitive singular
Gloss: of a field
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Field, countryside, or farm land.
Occurrences: 141

ἐξηράνθησαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξηράνθησαν
Transliteration: exeranthesan
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: were ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

ᾔσχυναν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ᾔσχυναν
Transliteration: schynan
Morphology: aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss: they ... / ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

χαρὰν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: χαρὰν
Transliteration: charan
Morphology: aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss: they ... / ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

υἱοὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: υἱός
Transliteration: huios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: son
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences: 4805

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀνθρώπων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἄνθρωπος
Transliteration: anthropos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: human, man
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Human being, person, man.
Occurrences: 1305

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܓܦܬܐ ܝܒܫܬ ܘܬܬܐ ܚܪܒܬ ܘܪ̈ܘܡܢܐ ܘܕܩ̈ܠܐ ܘܚܙܘܪ̈ܐ ܘܟܠܗܘܢ ܐ̈ܝܠܢܐ ܕܚܩܠܐ ܝܒܫܘ ܡܛܠ ܕܒܛܠܬ ܚܕܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܒܢ̈ܝ ܐܢܫܐ

17 word entries

ܓܦܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܓܦܬܐ
Transliteration: gpt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 20

ܝܒܫܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܒܫܬ
Transliteration: ybsht
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 3

ܘܬܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܬܬܐ
Transliteration: wtt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܚܪܒܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܪܒܬ
Transliteration: hrbt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 7

ܘܪ̈ܘܡܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܪܘܡܢܐ
Transliteration: wrwmn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 8

ܘܕܩ̈ܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܩܠܐ
Transliteration: wdql'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

ܘܚܙܘܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܚܙܘܪܐ
Transliteration: whzwr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܘܟܠܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܟܠܗܘܢ
Transliteration: wklhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 210

ܐ̈ܝܠܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܠܢܐ
Transliteration: 'yln'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 29

ܕܚܩܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܚܩܠܐ
Transliteration: dhql'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 18

ܝܒܫܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܒܫܘ
Transliteration: ybshw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܕܒܛܠܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܒܛܠܬ
Transliteration: dbtlt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 2

ܚܕܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܕܘܬܐ
Transliteration: hdwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 46

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܒܢ̈ܝ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܒܢܝ
Transliteration: bnay
Morphology: noun, masculine construct plural
Gloss: sons, children of
Occurrences: 882

ܐܢܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܫܐ
Transliteration: 'nsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 290

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

גוּפְנַיָא יְבִישׁוּ וְתֵינַיָא נְתַרוּ רִמוֹנִין אַף דִקְלִין וְחַזוּר כָּל אִילָנֵי חַקְלָא יְבִישׁוּ אֲרֵי פַסְקַת חֶדְוָתָא מִבְּנֵי אֱנָשָׁא׃

17 word entries

גוּפְנַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גופניא
Transliteration: gwpny'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 5

יְבִישׁוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יבישו
Transliteration: ybyshw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

וְתֵינַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תיניא
Transliteration: wtyny'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

נְתַרוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נתרו
Transliteration: ntrw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

רִמוֹנִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רמונין
Transliteration: rmwnyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 5

אַף

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אף
Transliteration: 'p
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 354

דִקְלִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קלין
Transliteration: dqlyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 12

וְחַזוּר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חזור
Transliteration: wchzwr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 96

כָּל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: כל
Transliteration: kl
Morphology: collective noun/adjective
Gloss: all, every
Occurrences: 2135

אִילָנֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אילני
Transliteration: 'ylny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 19

חַקְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חקלא
Transliteration: chql'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 94

יְבִישׁוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יבישו
Transliteration: ybyshw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1969

פַסְקַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פסקת
Transliteration: psqt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 8

חֶדְוָתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חדותא
Transliteration: chdwt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 16

מִבְּנֵי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בר
Transliteration: mbny
Morphology: prefixed preposition מ + noun plural construct
Gloss: from sons, children of
Occurrences: 2734

אֱנָשָׁא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אנשא
Transliteration: 'nsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 203

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Vinea confusa est, et ficus elanguit; malogranatum, et palma, et malum, et omnia ligna agri aruerunt, quia confusum est gaudium a filiis hominum.

23 word entries

vinea

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uinea
Transliteration: vinea
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 149

confusa

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: confundo
Transliteration: confusa
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 169

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

ficus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ficus
Transliteration: ficus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 50

elanguit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: elanguesco
Transliteration: elanguit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 5

malogranatum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: malograno
Transliteration: malogranatum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 5

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

palma

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: palma
Transliteration: palma
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 46

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

malum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: malus
Transliteration: malum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 671

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

omnia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: omnis
Transliteration: omnia
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5506

ligna

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lignum
Transliteration: ligna
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 314

agri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ager
Transliteration: agri
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 260

aruerunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aresco
Transliteration: aruerunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20

quia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quia
Transliteration: quia
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2543

confusum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: confusus
Transliteration: confusum
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 13

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

gaudium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gaudium
Transliteration: gaudium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 142

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ab
Transliteration: a
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3693

filiis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filius
Transliteration: filiis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 5067

hominum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: homo
Transliteration: hominum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1653

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Joel 1

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Isaiah 16:10

Isaiah 24:11

Song of Solomon 2:3

Joel 1:16

Joel 1:10

Isaiah 9:3

Jeremiah 48:33

Haggai 2:19

Song of Solomon 4:13

Jeremiah 48:3

Psalms 92:12

Psalms 4:7