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World English Bible

Job 40

World English Bible, Verse 19

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¹⁹ He is the chief of the ways of God. He who made him gives him his sword.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Job 40:19. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 45

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

ה֭וּא רֵאשִׁ֣ית דַּרְכֵי־אֵ֑ל הָ֝עֹשׂוֹ יַגֵּ֥שׁ חַרְבּֽוֹ׃

7 word entries

ה֭וּא

Lemma: 1931
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H1931
Occurrences: 1188

רֵאשִׁ֣ית

Lemma: 7225
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7225
Occurrences: 30

דַּרְכֵי

Lemma: 1870
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1870
Occurrences: 375

אֵ֑ל

Lemma: 410
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H410
Occurrences: 180

הָ֝עֹשׂוֹ

Lemma: d/6213 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + verb qal participle active + suffix
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H6213
Occurrences: 20

יַגֵּ֥שׁ

Lemma: 5066
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil jussive 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5066
Occurrences: 58

חַרְבּֽוֹ

Lemma: 2719
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2719
Occurrences: 218

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Τουτέστιν ἀρχὴ πλάσματος Κυρίου· πεποιημένον ἐγκαταπαίζεσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀγγέλων αὐτοῦ.

10 word entries

Τουτέστιν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: τουτέστιν
Transliteration: toytestin
Morphology: accusative singular feminine or third-declension accusative pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἀρχὴ

Status: Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
Note: Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Lemma: ἀρχὴ
Transliteration: arche
Morphology: noun
Gloss: beginning
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Beginning, origin, ruler, or authority.
Strong's: G746
Occurrences: 51

πλάσματος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: πλάσματος
Transliteration: plasmatos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Κυρίου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

πεποιημένον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πεποιημένον
Transliteration: pepoiemenon
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

ἐγκαταπαίζεσθαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐγκαταπαίζεσθαι
Transliteration: egkatapaizesthai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ὑπὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὑπό
Transliteration: hypo
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: under, by
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided form of ὑπό.
Occurrences: 443

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀγγέλων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀγγέλων
Transliteration: aggelon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 20

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܗܘܝܘ ܪܝܫ ܟܘܠܗܝܢ ܒܪ̈ܝܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܕܥܒܕܗ ܕܢܥܒܕ ܩܪܒܐ

8 word entries

ܗܘܝܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܘܝܘ
Transliteration: hwyw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 31

ܪܝܫ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܝܫ
Transliteration: rysh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 81

ܟܘܠܗܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܘܠܗܝܢ
Transliteration: kwlhyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 39

ܒܪ̈ܝܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܪܝܬܗ
Transliteration: bryth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 5

ܕܐܠܗܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܠܗܐ
Transliteration: d'lh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 374

ܕܥܒܕܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܒܕܗ
Transliteration: d'bdh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 20

ܕܢܥܒܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢܥܒܕ
Transliteration: dn'bd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 44

ܩܪܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܪܒܐ
Transliteration: qrb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 154

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

הוּא שְׁרוּיָא אוֹרְחָתֵיהּ דֶאֱלָהָא דְעַבְדֵיהּ יִקְרַב סַיְפֵיהּ׃

7 word entries

הוּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוא
Transliteration: hw'
Morphology: personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: he, it
Occurrences: 992

שְׁרוּיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שרויא
Transliteration: shrwy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 7

אוֹרְחָתֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אורחתיה
Transliteration: 'wrchtyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 33

דֶאֱלָהָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אלה
Transliteration: d'lh'
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: of/that God
Occurrences: 779

דְעַבְדֵיהּ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עבד
Transliteration: d'bdyh
Morphology: verbal or nominal root עבד
Gloss: made, did, served
Occurrences: 1208

יִקְרַב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יקרב
Transliteration: yqrb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

סַיְפֵיהּ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סיפיה
Transliteration: sypyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 5

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

In oculis ejus quasi hamo capiet eum, et in sudibus perforabit nares ejus.

13 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

oculis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: oculus
Transliteration: oculis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 682

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

quasi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quasi
Transliteration: quasi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 989

hamo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hamus
Transliteration: hamo
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 6

capiet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: capio
Transliteration: capiet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 253

eum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

sudibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sudis
Transliteration: sudibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 3

perforabit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: perforo
Transliteration: perforabit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 10

nares

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: naris
Transliteration: nares
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 16

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Chapter 40 of 42 Verse 19 of 24

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Job 40

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Job 41:33

Psalms 7:12

Psalms 104:24

Isaiah 27:1

Job 26:13