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World English Bible

Job 14

World English Bible, Verse 19

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¹⁹ The waters wear the stones. The torrents of it wash away the dust of the earth. So you destroy the hope of man.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Job 14:19. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 59

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אֲבָנִ֤ים ׀ שָׁ֥חֲקוּ מַ֗יִם תִּשְׁטֹֽף־סְפִיחֶ֥יהָ עֲפַר־אָ֑רֶץ וְתִקְוַ֖ת אֱנ֣וֹשׁ הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ׃

10 word entries

אֲבָנִ֤ים

Lemma: 68
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H68
Occurrences: 146

שָׁ֥חֲקוּ

Lemma: 7833
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7833
Occurrences: 1

מַ֗יִם

Lemma: 4325
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4325
Occurrences: 325

תִּשְׁטֹֽף

Lemma: 7857
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7857
Occurrences: 24

סְפִיחֶ֥יהָ

Lemma: 5599 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5599
Occurrences: 1

עֲפַר

Lemma: 6083
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6083
Occurrences: 56

אָ֑רֶץ

Lemma: 776
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H776
Occurrences: 692

וְתִקְוַ֖ת

Lemma: c/8615 b
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8615
Occurrences: 9

אֱנ֣וֹשׁ

Lemma: 582
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H582
Occurrences: 33

הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ

Lemma: 6
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6
Occurrences: 103

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Λίθους ἐλέαναν ὕδατα, καὶ κατέκλυσεν ὕδατα ὕπτια τοῦ χώματος τῆς γῆς· καὶ ὑπομονὴν ἀνθρώπου ἀπώλεσας.

15 word entries

Λίθους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λίθος
Transliteration: lithous
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative plural
Gloss: stones
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Stone.
Occurrences: 209

ἐλέαναν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐλέαναν
Transliteration: eleanan
Morphology: aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss: they ... / ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ὕδατα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὕδωρ
Transliteration: hydor
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: water
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Water.
Occurrences: 629

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

κατέκλυσεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κατέκλυσεν
Transliteration: kateklysen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ὕδατα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὕδωρ
Transliteration: hydor
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: water
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Water.
Occurrences: 629

ὕπτια

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ὕπτια
Transliteration: yptia
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

χώματος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: χώματος
Transliteration: chomatos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

τῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

γῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γῆ
Transliteration: ges
Morphology: noun, feminine genitive singular
Gloss: of earth, of land
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Earth, ground, or land.
Strong's: G1093
Occurrences: 2962

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ὑπομονὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὑπομονὴν
Transliteration: ypomonen
Morphology: accusative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

ἀνθρώπου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἄνθρωπος
Transliteration: anthropos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: human, man
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Human being, person, man.
Occurrences: 1305

ἀπώλεσας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀπώλεσας
Transliteration: apolesas
Morphology: aorist active participle nominative masculine singular pattern, or 2nd singular verb depending on context
Gloss: having ...
Part of Speech: participle/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܟܐܦܐ ܫܚܩܐ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܐܘ ܟܬܐ ܥܦܪܗ̇ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܣܒܪܗ ܕܐܢܫܐ ܐܘܒܕܬ

10 word entries

ܟܐܦܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܐܦܐ
Transliteration: k'p'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 107

ܫܚܩܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܚܩܐ
Transliteration: shhq'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 6

ܡ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܝܐ
Transliteration: maya
Morphology: noun, plural form
Gloss: waters
Occurrences: 206

ܐܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘ
Transliteration: 'w
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 396

ܟܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܬܐ
Transliteration: kt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 2

ܥܦܪܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܦܪܗ
Transliteration: 'prh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 4

ܕܐܪܥܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܪܥܐ
Transliteration: d'r''
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 341

ܣܒܪܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܒܪܗ
Transliteration: sbrh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 9

ܕܐܢܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܢܫܐ
Transliteration: d'nsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 47

ܐܘܒܕܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܒܕܬ
Transliteration: 'wbdt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 13

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אַבְנַיָא שַׁיְפָא מַיָא שִׁטְפָא כְּתָּהָא עַפְרָא דְאַרְעָא וּסְבַר בַּר נָשׁ הוֹבַדְתָּא׃

11 word entries

אַבְנַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אבניא
Transliteration: 'bny'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 41

שַׁיְפָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שיפא
Transliteration: shyp'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

מַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מיא
Transliteration: my'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 233

שִׁטְפָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שטפא
Transliteration: shtp'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 4

כְּתָּהָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תהא
Transliteration: kth'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 31

עַפְרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עפרא
Transliteration: 'pr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 74

דְאַרְעָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ארע
Transliteration: d'r''
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss: of/that earth, land
Occurrences: 1735

וּסְבַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סבר
Transliteration: wsbr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 30

בַּר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בר
Transliteration: br
Morphology: noun masculine singular
Gloss: son
Occurrences: 2734

נָשׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נש
Transliteration: nsh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 72

הוֹבַדְתָּא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הובדתא
Transliteration: hwbdt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 3

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

lapides excavant aquæ, et alluvione paulatim terra consumitur: et hominem ergo similiter perdes.

13 word entries

lapides

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lapis
Transliteration: lapides
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 330

excavant

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: excauo
Transliteration: excavant
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1

aquae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aqua
Transliteration: aquae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 692

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

adluvione

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: alluuio
Transliteration: adluvione
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1

paulatim

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: paulatim
Transliteration: paulatim
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 13

terra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: terra
Transliteration: terra
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: earth
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: earth, land, ground
Etymology: Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
Occurrences: 3087

consumitur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: consumo
Transliteration: consumitur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 145

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

homines

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: homo
Transliteration: homines
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1653

ergo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ergo
Transliteration: ergo
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1237

similiter

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: similiter
Transliteration: similiter
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 139

perdes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: perdo
Transliteration: perdes
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 136

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Job 14

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