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World English Bible

Job 10

World English Bible, Verse 22

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²² the land dark as midnight, of the shadow of death, without any order, where the light is as midnight.’”

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Job 10:22. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 62

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אֶ֤רֶץ עֵיפָ֨תָה ׀ כְּמ֥וֹ אֹ֗פֶל צַ֭לְמָוֶת וְלֹ֥א סְדָרִ֗ים וַתֹּ֥פַע כְּמוֹ־אֹֽפֶל׃ פ

10 word entries

אֶ֤רֶץ

Lemma: 776
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H776
Occurrences: 692

עֵיפָ֨תָה

Lemma: 5890
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5890
Occurrences: 2

כְּמ֥וֹ

Lemma: 3644
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3644
Occurrences: 137

אֹ֗פֶל

Lemma: 652
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H652
Occurrences: 7

צַ֭לְמָוֶת

Lemma: 6757
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6757
Occurrences: 10

וְלֹ֥א

Lemma: c/3808
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 1593

סְדָרִ֗ים

Lemma: 5468
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5468
Occurrences: 1

וַתֹּ֥פַע

Lemma: c/3313
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential imperfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3313
Occurrences: 2

כְּמוֹ

Lemma: 3644
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3644
Occurrences: 137

אֹֽפֶל

Lemma: 652
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H652
Occurrences: 7

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

εἰς γῆν σκότους αἰωνίου, οὗ οὐκ ἔστι φέγγος, οὐδὲ ὁρᾷν ζωὴν βροτῶν.

12 word entries

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

γῆν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γῆ
Transliteration: gen
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss: earth, land
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Earth, ground, or land.
Strong's: G1093
Occurrences: 2962

σκότους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σκότους
Transliteration: skotoys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 19

αἰωνίου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: αἰωνίου
Transliteration: aionioy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

οὗ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅς
Transliteration: hou
Morphology: relative pronoun/adverb
Gloss: of whom, where
Part of Speech: relative pronoun/adverb
Definition: Relative pronoun or adverbial relative form.
Occurrences: 4123

οὐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

ἔστι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: esti
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it is
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

φέγγος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: φέγγος
Transliteration: pheggos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 19

οὐδὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐδέ
Transliteration: oude
Morphology: negative conjunction/particle
Gloss: and not, neither, nor
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Elided form of negative coordinating conjunction/particle οὐδέ.
Occurrences: 530

ὁρᾷν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὁρᾷν
Transliteration: orn
Morphology: aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss: they ... / ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

ζωὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ζωή
Transliteration: zoen
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss: life
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Life, living existence.
Occurrences: 182

βροτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: βροτῶν
Transliteration: broton
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܕܫܗܝܐ ܐܝܟ ܚܒܪܐ ܘܛ̈ܠܠܝ ܡܘܬܐ ܘܠܝܬ ܒܗ̇ ܣܕܪ̈ܝܢ ܕܕܪ̈ܝܢ ܘܡܫܠܗܝܐ ܐܝܟ ܚܒܪܐ

12 word entries

ܕܫܗܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܫܗܝܐ
Transliteration: dshhy'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܚܒܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܒܪܐ
Transliteration: hbr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 3

ܘܛ̈ܠܠܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܛܠܠܝ
Transliteration: wtlly
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܡܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܘܬܐ
Transliteration: mwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 96

ܘܠܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܝܬ
Transliteration: wlyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 221

ܒܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܗ
Transliteration: bh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 571

ܣܕܪ̈ܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܕܪܝܢ
Transliteration: sdryn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 8

ܕܕܪ̈ܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܕܪܝܢ
Transliteration: ddryn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܘܡܫܠܗܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܫܠܗܝܐ
Transliteration: wmshlhy'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܚܒܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܒܪܐ
Transliteration: hbr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 3

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אַרְעָא דְתִימוֹרָהָא הֵיךְ קְבַל טוּלֵי מוֹתָא וְלָא סִדְרֵי יְתּוּב בְּנֵי נָשָׁא וּמְפַעְפְעָא הֵיךְ קְבֵל׃

14 word entries

אַרְעָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ארע
Transliteration: 'r''
Morphology: noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss: earth, land
Occurrences: 1735

דְתִימוֹרָהָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תימורהא
Transliteration: dtymwrh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

הֵיךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היך
Transliteration: hyk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 459

קְבַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קבל
Transliteration: qbl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 152

טוּלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טולי
Transliteration: twly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 10

מוֹתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ותא
Transliteration: mwt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 64

וְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ולא
Transliteration: wl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1587

סִדְרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סדרי
Transliteration: sdry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 30

יְתּוּב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתוב
Transliteration: ytwb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 84

בְּנֵי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בר
Transliteration: bny
Morphology: noun plural construct
Gloss: sons, children of
Occurrences: 2734

נָשָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נשא
Transliteration: nsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 118

וּמְפַעְפְעָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מפעפעא
Transliteration: wmp'p''
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

הֵיךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היך
Transliteration: hyk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 459

קְבֵל׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קבל
Transliteration: qbl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 152

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

terram miseriæ et tenebrarum, ubi umbra mortis et nullus ordo, sed sempiternus horror inhabitat.]

14 word entries

terram

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: terra
Transliteration: terram
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: earth
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: earth, land, ground
Etymology: Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
Occurrences: 3087

miseriae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: miseria
Transliteration: miseriae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 20

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

tenebrarum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tenebrae
Transliteration: tenebrarum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 162

ubi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ubi
Transliteration: ubi
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 354

umbra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: umbra
Transliteration: umbra
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 65

mortis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mors
Transliteration: mortis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 408

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

nullus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nullus
Transliteration: nullus
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 196

ordo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ordo
Transliteration: ordo
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 71

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

sempiternus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sempiternus
Transliteration: sempiternus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 167

horror

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: horror
Transliteration: horror
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 10

inhabitans

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inhabito
Transliteration: inhabitans
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 58

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Psalms 88:12

Are your wonders made known in the dark? Or your righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?

3 relevance votes

Psalms 44:19

though you have crushed us in the haunt of jackals, and covered us with the shadow of death.

2 relevance votes

Job 3:5

Let darkness and the shadow of death claim it for their own. Let a cloud dwell on it. Let all that makes the day black terrify it.

2 relevance votes

Jeremiah 2:6

They didn’t say, ‘Where is Yahweh who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, who led us through the wilderness, through a land of deserts and of pits, through a land of drought and of the shadow of death, through a land that no one passed through, and where no man lived?’

2 relevance votes

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Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Psalms 88:12

Psalms 44:19

Job 3:5

Jeremiah 2:6

Psalms 23:4

Job 38:17

Luke 16:26

Job 34:22

Jeremiah 13:16