28 Of Kedar, and of the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon struck, Yahweh says: “Arise, go up to Kedar, and destroy the children of the east.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Jeremiah 49:28. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
70
Editorial Notes
1
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
לְקֵדָ֣ר ׀ וּֽלְמַמְלְכ֣וֹת חָצ֗וֹר אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִכָּה֙ נבוכדראצור מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה ק֚וּמוּ עֲל֣וּ אֶל־קֵדָ֔ר וְשָׁדְד֖וּ אֶת־בְּנֵי־קֶֽדֶם׃
20 word entries
לְקֵדָ֣ר
וּֽלְמַמְלְכ֣וֹת
אֲשֶׁ֤ר
הִכָּה֙
נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר
מֶֽלֶךְ
אָמַ֣ר
ק֚וּמוּ
עֲל֣וּ
וְשָׁדְד֖וּ
אֶת
בְּנֵי
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܗܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪܝܐ ܩܘܡܘ ܣܩܘ ܥܠ ܩܕܪ ܘܒܘܙܘ ܠܒܢ̈ܝ ܡܕܢܚܐ
10 word entries
ܗܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- hkn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 718
ܐܡܪ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܡܪ
- Transliteration
- emar
- Morphology
- verb root/form
- Gloss
- said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 1127
ܡܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- maryah
- Morphology
- divine title, emphatic form
- Gloss
- Lord
- Occurrences
- 2917
ܩܘܡܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܘܡܘ
- Transliteration
- qwmw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 21
ܣܩܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܩܘ
- Transliteration
- sqw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 14
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3346
ܩܕܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܕܪ
- Transliteration
- qdr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 4
ܘܒܘܙܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܘܙܘ
- Transliteration
- wbwzw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܒܢ̈ܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܒܢܝ
- Transliteration
- lbny
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 121
ܡܕܢܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܕܢܚܐ
- Transliteration
- mdnh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 27
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
לְקֵדָר וּלְמַמְלָכוֹת חָצוֹר דִמְחָא נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַר מַלְכָּא דְבָבֶל כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ קוּמוּ סַקוּ עַל קַדָר וּבְזָז יַת בְּנֵי מַדִינְחָא׃
18 word entries
לְקֵדָר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קדר
- Transliteration
- lqdr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
וּלְמַמְלָכוֹת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לממלכות
- Transliteration
- wlmmlkwt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
חָצוֹר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חצור
- Transliteration
- chtswr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 20
דִמְחָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מחא
- Transliteration
- dmch'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 92
נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נבוכדראצר
- Transliteration
- nbwkdr'tsr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 28
מַלְכָּא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מלך
- Transliteration
- mlk'
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- from king
- Occurrences
- 2509
דְבָבֶל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בבל
- Transliteration
- dbbl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 281
כִּדְנַן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דנן
- Transliteration
- kdnn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 503
אֲמַר
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אמר
- Transliteration
- 'mr
- Morphology
- verbal root אמר, speech/action form
- Gloss
- said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 3728
יְיָ
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יהוה
- Transliteration
- yy
- Morphology
- divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
- Gloss
- the Lord
- Occurrences
- 3908
קוּמוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קומו
- Transliteration
- qwmw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 21
סַקוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סקו
- Transliteration
- sqw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 19
עַל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- על
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, against, concerning
- Occurrences
- 3568
קַדָר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קדר
- Transliteration
- qdr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 3
וּבְזָז
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בזז
- Transliteration
- wbzz
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
יַת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 4303
בְּנֵי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בר
- Transliteration
- bny
- Morphology
- noun plural construct
- Gloss
- sons, children of
- Occurrences
- 2734
מַדִינְחָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דינחא
- Transliteration
- mdynch'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 63
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Ad Cedar, et ad regna Asor, quæ percussit Nabuchodonosor rex Babylonis. [Hæc dicit Dominus: Surgite, et ascendite ad Cedar, et vastate filios orientis.
22 word entries
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7531
Cedar
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cedo
- Transliteration
- Cedar
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 45
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
regna
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- regnum
- Transliteration
- regna
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 499
Asor
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Asor
- Transliteration
- Asor
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 18
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
percussit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- percutio
- Transliteration
- percussit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 576
Nabuchodonosor
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Nabuchodonosor
- Transliteration
- Nabuchodonosor
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 86
rex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- rex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
Babylonis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Babylon
- Transliteration
- Babylonis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 271
haec
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- haec
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
dicit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dicit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
Dominus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dominus
- Transliteration
- Dominus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8181
surgite
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- surgo
- Transliteration
- surgite
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 421
ascendite
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ascendo
- Transliteration
- ascendite
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 671
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
Cedar
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cedo
- Transliteration
- Cedar
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 45
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
vastate
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uasto
- Transliteration
- vastate
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 82
filios
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- filius
- Transliteration
- filios
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 5067
orientis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- orior
- Transliteration
- orientis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 145
Spirit Nation Greek LXX Alignment Note
English · Greek Septuagint Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note
Coverage: Source-structure exceptions
Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.
Editorial alignment note: The Greek Septuagint tradition often follows different ordering, grouping, or book structure here. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "¶ Concerning Kedar, and concerning the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon shall smite, thus saith the LORD ; Arise ye, go up to Kedar, and spoil the men of the east." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.
Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.
These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.
-
Greek LXX
alternate structure
Greek Jeremiah follows a shorter and differently ordered Septuagint tradition, so some Hebrew/English verse numbers do not have a one-to-one Greek panel.
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Judges 6:3
So it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites, the Amalekites, and the children of the east came up against them.
4 relevance votesGenesis 25:13
These are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to the order of their birth: the firstborn of Ishmael, Nebaioth, then Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam,
4 relevance votesIsaiah 11:14
They will fly down on the shoulders of the Philistines on the west. Together they will plunder the children of the east. They will extend their power over Edom and Moab, and the children of Ammon will obey them.
4 relevance votesJeremiah 49:14
I have heard news from Yahweh, and an ambassador is sent among the nations, saying, “Gather yourselves together! Come against her! Rise up to the battle!”
3 relevance votesJeremiah 2:10
For pass over to the islands of Kittim, and see. Send to Kedar, and consider diligently, and see if there has been such a thing.
3 relevance votesEzekiel 27:21
“‘“Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your favorite dealers in lambs, rams, and goats. In these, they were your merchants.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 21:13
The burden on Arabia. You will lodge in the thickets in Arabia, you caravans of Dedanites.
2 relevance votesJeremiah 49:33
Hazor will be a dwelling place of jackals, a desolation forever. No man will dwell there, neither will any son of man live therein.”
2 relevance votesSong of Solomon 1:5
I am dark, but lovely, you daughters of Jerusalem, like Kedar’s tents, like Solomon’s curtains.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 42:11
Let the wilderness and its cities raise their voices, with the villages that Kedar inhabits. Let the inhabitants of Sela sing. Let them shout from the top of the mountains!
2 relevance votes1 Chronicles 1:29
These are their generations: the firstborn of Ishmael, Nebaioth; then Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam,
2 relevance votesGenesis 25:6
but Abraham gave gifts to the sons of Abraham’s concubines. While he still lived, he sent them away from Isaac his son, eastward, to the east country.
2 relevance votes