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World English Bible

Jeremiah 23

World English Bible, Verse 15

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¹⁵ Therefore Yahweh of Armies says concerning the prophets: “Behold, I will feed them with wormwood, and make them drink poisoned water; for from the prophets of Jerusalem ungodliness has gone out into all the land.”

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Jeremiah 23:15. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 127

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

לָכֵ֞ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ עַל־הַנְּבִאִ֔ים הִנְנִ֨י מַאֲכִ֤יל אוֹתָם֙ לַֽעֲנָ֔ה וְהִשְׁקִתִ֖ים מֵי־רֹ֑אשׁ כִּ֗י מֵאֵת֙ נְבִיאֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם יָצְאָ֥ה חֲנֻפָּ֖ה לְכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ

22 word entries

לָכֵ֞ן

Lemma: l/3651 c
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + adverb
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3651
Occurrences: 195

כֹּֽה

Lemma: 3541
Morphology: Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech: adverb
Strong's: H3541
Occurrences: 554

אָמַ֨ר

Lemma: 559
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H559
Occurrences: 1301

יְהוָ֤ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

צְבָאוֹת֙

Lemma: 6635 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6635
Occurrences: 283

עַל

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

הַנְּבִאִ֔ים

Lemma: d/5030
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H5030
Occurrences: 194

הִנְנִ֨י

Lemma: 2005
Morphology: Hebrew: particle + suffix
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H2005
Occurrences: 301

מַאֲכִ֤יל

Lemma: 398
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H398
Occurrences: 481

אוֹתָם֙

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker + suffix
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

לַֽעֲנָ֔ה

Lemma: 3939
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3939
Occurrences: 4

וְהִשְׁקִתִ֖ים

Lemma: c/8248
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential perfect 1rd person common gender singular + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8248
Occurrences: 31

מֵי

Lemma: 4325
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4325
Occurrences: 325

רֹ֑אשׁ

Lemma: 7219
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7219
Occurrences: 8

כִּ֗י

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

מֵאֵת֙

Lemma: m/854
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H854
Occurrences: 165

נְבִיאֵ֣י

Lemma: 5030
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5030
Occurrences: 70

יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם

Lemma: 3389
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3389
Occurrences: 350

יָצְאָ֥ה

Lemma: 3318
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3318
Occurrences: 539

חֲנֻפָּ֖ה

Lemma: 2613
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2613
Occurrences: 1

לְכָל

Lemma: l/3605
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3605
Occurrences: 332

הָאָֽרֶץ

Lemma: d/776
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H776
Occurrences: 981

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Διατοῦτο τάδε λέγει Κύριος, ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ψωμιῶ αὐτοὺς ὀδύνην, καὶ ποτιῶ αὐτοὺς ὕδωρ πικρὸν, ὅτι ἀπὸ τῶν προφητῶν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐξῆλθε μολυσμὸς πάσῃ τῇ γῇ.

24 word entries

Διατοῦτο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: διὰ τοῦτο
Transliteration: dia touto
Morphology: preposition + demonstrative phrase
Gloss: therefore, because of this
Part of Speech: adverbial phrase
Definition: Adverbial phrase meaning therefore or because of this.
Occurrences: 198

τάδε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅδε
Transliteration: tade
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, neuter plural
Gloss: these things, thus
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: Demonstrative pronoun, often introducing quoted speech.
Occurrences: 408

λέγει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λέγω
Transliteration: legei
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it says
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To say or speak.
Occurrences: 5490

Κύριος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

ἰδοὺ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἰδού
Transliteration: idou
Morphology: interjection/particle
Gloss: behold, look
Part of Speech: particle/interjection
Definition: Attention marker or interjection.
Occurrences: 1077

ἐγὼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

ψωμιῶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ψωμιῶ
Transliteration: psomio
Morphology: 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
Gloss: I ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

αὐτοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ὀδύνην

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὀδύνην
Transliteration: odynen
Morphology: accusative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ποτιῶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ποτιῶ
Transliteration: potio
Morphology: 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
Gloss: I ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

αὐτοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ὕδωρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὕδωρ
Transliteration: hydor
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: water
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Water.
Occurrences: 629

πικρὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πικρὸν
Transliteration: pikron
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

ἀπὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀπό
Transliteration: apo
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, away from
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences: 3869

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

προφητῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: προφήτης
Transliteration: prophetes
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: prophet
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Prophet or spokesperson.
Occurrences: 188

Ἱερουσαλὴμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἱερουσαλήμ
Transliteration: Hierousalem
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Jerusalem
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Jerusalem.
Occurrences: 763

ἐξῆλθε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐξέρχομαι
Transliteration: exelthe
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it went out
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To go out, come out, or depart.
Occurrences: 386

μολυσμὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: μολυσμὸς
Transliteration: molysmos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

πάσῃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πᾶς
Transliteration: pas
Morphology: adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: all, every
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: All, every, whole.
Occurrences: 6138

τῇ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

γῇ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γῆ
Transliteration: ge
Morphology: noun, feminine dative singular
Gloss: earth, land
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Earth, ground, or land.
Strong's: G1093
Occurrences: 2962

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܗܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪܝܐ ܨܒܐܘܬ ܥܠ ܢܒ̈ܝܐ ܗܐ ܡܘܟܠ ܐܢܐ ܠܗܘܢ ܡܪ̈ܪܐ ܘܐܫܩܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܡܪ̈ܝܪܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܡܢ ܠܘܬ ܢܒ̈ܝܐ ܕܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܢܦܩܬ ܚܢܦܘܬܐ ܒܟܠܗ ܐܪܥܐ

26 word entries

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܗܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܢܐ
Transliteration: hn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 876

ܗܟܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܟܢܐ
Transliteration: hkn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 718

ܐܡܪ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܐܡܪ
Transliteration: emar
Morphology: verb root/form
Gloss: said, spoke
Occurrences: 1127

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: maryah
Morphology: divine title, emphatic form
Gloss: Lord
Occurrences: 2917

ܨܒܐܘܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܨܒܐܘܬ
Transliteration: sb'wt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 22

ܥܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠ
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3346

ܢܒ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܒܝܐ
Transliteration: nby'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 266

ܗܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܐ
Transliteration: h'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 591

ܡܘܟܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܘܟܠ
Transliteration: mwkl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2

ܐܢܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܐܢܐ
Transliteration: ena
Morphology: personal pronoun, first common singular
Gloss: I
Occurrences: 1289

ܠܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗܘܢ
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 1134

ܡܪ̈ܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܪܪܐ
Transliteration: mrr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 8

ܘܐܫܩܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܫܩܐ
Transliteration: w'shq'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܘܢ
Transliteration: 'nwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1636

ܡ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܝܐ
Transliteration: maya
Morphology: noun, plural form
Gloss: waters
Occurrences: 206

ܡܪ̈ܝܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܪܐ
Transliteration: mryr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 24

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܕܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܢ
Transliteration: dmn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 417

ܠܘܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܘܬ
Transliteration: lwt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 548

ܢܒ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܒܝܐ
Transliteration: nby'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 266

ܕܐܘܪܫܠܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܘܪܫܠܡ
Transliteration: d'wrshlm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 125

ܢܦܩܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܦܩܬ
Transliteration: npqt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 27

ܚܢܦܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܢܦܘܬܐ
Transliteration: hnpwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 1

ܒܟܠܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܟܠܗ
Transliteration: bklh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 101

ܐܪܥܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܐܪܥܐ
Transliteration: ara
Morphology: noun, feminine emphatic singular
Gloss: earth, land
Occurrences: 731

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

בְּכֵן כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ צְבָאוֹת עַל נְבִיֵי שִׁקְרָא הָאֲנָא מַיְתֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן עָקָא מְרַר כְּגִידִין וְאַשְׁקִינוּן כָּס דִלְוָט בִּישׁ כְּרֵישֵׁי חֵיוִין אֲרֵי מִן נְבִיֵי יְרוּשְׁלֵם נְפָקֵית חַנֻפְתָּא לְכָל יַתְבֵי אַרְעָא׃

29 word entries

בְּכֵן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בכן
Transliteration: bkn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 357

כִּדְנַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דנן
Transliteration: kdnn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 503

אֲמַר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אמר
Transliteration: 'mr
Morphology: verbal root אמר, speech/action form
Gloss: said, spoke
Occurrences: 3728

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

צְבָאוֹת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צבאות
Transliteration: tsb'wt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 284

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

נְבִיֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נביי
Transliteration: nbyy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 77

שִׁקְרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שקרא
Transliteration: shqr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 195

הָאֲנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: האנא
Transliteration: h'n'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 16

מַיְתֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתי
Transliteration: myty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 381

עֲלֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עליהון
Transliteration: 'lyhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 342

עָקָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עקא
Transliteration: 'q'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 83

מְרַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מרר
Transliteration: mrr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

כְּגִידִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גידין
Transliteration: kgydyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 6

וְאַשְׁקִינוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשקינון
Transliteration: w'shqynwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

כָּס

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כס
Transliteration: ks
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 28

דִלְוָט

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לוט
Transliteration: dlwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 34

בִּישׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ביש
Transliteration: bysh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 184

כְּרֵישֵׁי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ריש
Transliteration: kryshy
Morphology: noun masculine singular
Gloss: head, chief, beginning
Occurrences: 378

חֵיוִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חיוין
Transliteration: chywyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1969

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

נְבִיֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נביי
Transliteration: nbyy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 77

יְרוּשְׁלֵם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ירושלם
Transliteration: yrwshlm
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Jerusalem
Occurrences: 642

נְפָקֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נפקית
Transliteration: npqyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

חַנֻפְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חנפתא
Transliteration: chnpt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

לְכָל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לכל
Transliteration: lkl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 312

יַתְבֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתבי
Transliteration: ytby
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 275

אַרְעָא׃

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ארע
Transliteration: 'r''
Morphology: noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss: earth, land
Occurrences: 1735

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Propterea hæc dicit Dominus exercituum ad prophetas: Ecce ego cibabo eos absinthio, et potabo eos felle: a prophetis enim Jerusalem egressa est pollutio super omnem terram.

26 word entries

propterea

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: propterea
Transliteration: propterea
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 165

haec

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hic
Transliteration: haec
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4646

dicit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dicit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

Dominus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

exercituum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: exercitus
Transliteration: exercituum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 631

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

prophetas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: propheta
Transliteration: prophetas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 506

ecce

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ecce
Transliteration: ecce
Morphology: GreLa POS: other
Occurrences: 1031

ego

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

cibabo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cibo
Transliteration: cibabo
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 12

eos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

absinthio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: absinthium
Transliteration: absinthio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 9

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

potabo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: poto
Transliteration: potabo
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 23

eos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

felle

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fel
Transliteration: felle
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 18

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ab
Transliteration: a
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3693

prophetis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: propheta
Transliteration: prophetis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 506

enim

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: enim
Transliteration: enim
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2392

Hierusalem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Hierosolyma
Transliteration: Hierusalem
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 852

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

egressa

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: egredior
Transliteration: egressa
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 667

pollutio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pollutium
Transliteration: pollutio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1

super

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: super
Transliteration: super
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3146

omnem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: omnis
Transliteration: omnem
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5506

terram

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: terra
Transliteration: terram
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: earth
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: earth, land, ground
Etymology: Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
Occurrences: 3087

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Chapter 23 · 23 of 52 available Verse 15 of 40

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Jeremiah 23

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Jeremiah 8:14

Jeremiah 9:15

Lamentations 3:5

Psalms 69:21

Lamentations 3:15

Lamentations 3:19

Revelation 8:11

Matthew 27:34