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Jump to a verse in Isaiah 47

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World English Bible

Isaiah 47

World English Bible, Verse 1

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¹ “Come down and sit in the dust, virgin daughter of Babylon. Sit on the ground without a throne, daughter of the Chaldeans. For you will no longer be called tender and delicate.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 47:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 104

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

רְדִ֣י ׀ וּשְׁבִ֣י עַל־עָפָ֗ר בְּתוּלַת֙ בַּת־בָּבֶ֔ל שְׁבִי־לָאָ֥רֶץ אֵין־כִּסֵּ֖א בַּת־כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כִּ֣י לֹ֤א תוֹסִ֙יפִי֙ יִקְרְאוּ־לָ֔ךְ רַכָּ֖ה וַעֲנֻגָּֽה׃

20 word entries

רְדִ֣י

Lemma: 3381
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperative 2rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3381
Occurrences: 182

וּשְׁבִ֣י

Lemma: c/3427
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal imperative 2rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3427
Occurrences: 324

עַל

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

עָפָ֗ר

Lemma: 6083
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6083
Occurrences: 56

בְּתוּלַת֙

Lemma: 1330
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1330
Occurrences: 38

בַּת

Lemma: 1323
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1323
Occurrences: 388

בָּבֶ֔ל

Lemma: 894
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H894
Occurrences: 231

שְׁבִי

Lemma: 3427
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperative 2rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3427
Occurrences: 600

לָאָ֥רֶץ

Lemma: l/776
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H776
Occurrences: 69

אֵין

Lemma: 369
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H369
Occurrences: 460

כִּסֵּ֖א

Lemma: 3678
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3678
Occurrences: 104

בַּת

Lemma: 1323
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1323
Occurrences: 388

כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים

Lemma: 3778
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3778
Occurrences: 45

כִּ֣י

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

לֹ֤א

Lemma: 3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 3277

תוֹסִ֨יפִי֙

Lemma: 3254
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperfect 2rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3254
Occurrences: 132

יִקְרְאוּ

Lemma: 7121
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7121
Occurrences: 350

לָ֔ךְ

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

רַכָּ֖ה

Lemma: 7390
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H7390
Occurrences: 10

וַעֲנֻגָּֽה

Lemma: c/6028
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + adjective
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6028
Occurrences: 1

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Κατάβηθι, κάθισον ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν παρθένος θυγάτηρ Βαβυλῶνος, κάθισον εἰς τὴν γῆν θυγάτηρ Χαλδαίων, ὅτι οὐκέτι προστεθήσῃ κληθῆναι ἁπαλὴ καὶ τρυφερά.

21 word entries

Κατάβηθι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κατάβηθι
Transliteration: katabethi
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 23

κάθισον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κάθισον
Transliteration: kathison
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

ἐπὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐπί
Transliteration: epi
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences: 6685

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

γῆν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γῆ
Transliteration: gen
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss: earth, land
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Earth, ground, or land.
Strong's: G1093
Occurrences: 2962

παρθένος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: παρθένος
Transliteration: parthenos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 18

θυγάτηρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θυγάτηρ
Transliteration: thygater
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: daughter
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Daughter or female descendant.
Occurrences: 506

Βαβυλῶνος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Βαβυλών
Transliteration: Babylonos
Morphology: proper noun, genitive singular
Gloss: of Babylon
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Babylon.
Occurrences: 248

κάθισον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κάθισον
Transliteration: kathison
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

γῆν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γῆ
Transliteration: gen
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss: earth, land
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Earth, ground, or land.
Strong's: G1093
Occurrences: 2962

θυγάτηρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θυγάτηρ
Transliteration: thygater
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: daughter
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Daughter or female descendant.
Occurrences: 506

Χαλδαίων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Χαλδαῖος
Transliteration: Chaldaion
Morphology: proper adjective/noun, masculine genitive plural
Gloss: of Chaldeans
Part of Speech: proper adjective/noun
Definition: Chaldean; member of the Chaldean people.
Occurrences: 55

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

οὐκέτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐκέτι
Transliteration: ouketi
Morphology: negative adverb/particle
Gloss: no longer
Part of Speech: adverb/particle
Definition: No longer, no more.
Occurrences: 71

προστεθήσῃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: προστεθήσῃ
Transliteration: prostethese
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

κληθῆναι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κληθῆναι
Transliteration: klethenai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἁπαλὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἁπαλὴ
Transliteration: apale
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

τρυφερά

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: τρυφερά
Transliteration: tryphera
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܚܘܬܝ ܘܬܒܝ ܥܠ ܥܦܪܐ ܒܬܘܠܬܐ ܒܪܬ ܒܒܠ ܬܒܝ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ ܒܪܬ ܟ̈ܠܕܝܐ ܠܝܬ ܟܘܪܣܝܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܠܐ ܢܘܣܦܘܢ ܠܡܩܪܝܟܝ ܡܥܕܢܬܐ ܘܡܦܢܩܬܐ

20 word entries

ܚܘܬܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܘܬܝ
Transliteration: hwty
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2

ܘܬܒܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܬܒܝ
Transliteration: wtby
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܥܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠ
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3346

ܥܦܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܦܪܐ
Transliteration: 'pr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 56

ܒܬܘܠܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܬܘܠܬܐ
Transliteration: btwlt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 26

ܒܪܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܪܬ
Transliteration: brt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 105

ܒܒܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܒܠ
Transliteration: bbl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 53

ܬܒܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܒܝ
Transliteration: tby
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5

ܥܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠ
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3346

ܐܪܥܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܐܪܥܐ
Transliteration: ara
Morphology: noun, feminine emphatic singular
Gloss: earth, land
Occurrences: 731

ܒܪܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܪܬ
Transliteration: brt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 105

ܟ̈ܠܕܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܠܕܝܐ
Transliteration: kldy'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 31

ܠܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܝܬ
Transliteration: lyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 159

ܟܘܪܣܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܘܪܣܝܐ
Transliteration: kwrsy'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 53

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܕܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܠܐ
Transliteration: dl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1157

ܢܘܣܦܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܘܣܦܘܢ
Transliteration: nwspwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 10

ܠܡܩܪܝܟܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܩܪܝܟܝ
Transliteration: lmqryky
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2

ܡܥܕܢܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܥܕܢܬܐ
Transliteration: m'dnt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 2

ܘܡܦܢܩܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܦܢܩܬܐ
Transliteration: wmpnqt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

חוּתִי וְתִיבִי עַל עַפְרָא מַלְכּוּ כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְבָבֶל תִּיבִי לְאַרְעָא לֵית כּוּרְסֵי יְקָר מַלְכוּת כַּשְׂדָאֵי אֲרֵי לָא תוֹסִיפִין דְיִקְרוּן לָךְ רַכִּיבָא וּמְפַנְקָא׃

21 word entries

חוּתִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חותי
Transliteration: chwty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

וְתִיבִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תיבי
Transliteration: wtyby
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

עַפְרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עפרא
Transliteration: 'pr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 74

מַלְכּוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לכו
Transliteration: mlkw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 31

כְּנִשְׁתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נשתא
Transliteration: knsht'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 169

דְבָבֶל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בבל
Transliteration: dbbl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 281

תִּיבִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תיבי
Transliteration: tyby
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

לְאַרְעָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ארע
Transliteration: l'r''
Morphology: prefixed preposition ל + noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss: to/for earth, land
Occurrences: 1735

לֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לית
Transliteration: lyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 629

כּוּרְסֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ורסי
Transliteration: kwrsy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 81

יְקָר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יקר
Transliteration: yqr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 82

מַלְכוּת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לכות
Transliteration: mlkwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 65

כַּשְׂדָאֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שדאי
Transliteration: kshd'y
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 8

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1969

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

תוֹסִיפִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תוסיפין
Transliteration: twsypyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

דְיִקְרוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יקרון
Transliteration: dyqrwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 14

לָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לך
Transliteration: lk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 468

רַכִּיבָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רכיבא
Transliteration: rkyb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

וּמְפַנְקָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מפנקא
Transliteration: wmpnq'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

[Descende, sede in pulvere, virgo filia Babylon: sede in terra; non est solium filiæ Chaldæorum, quia ultra non vocaberis mollis et tenera.

22 word entries

descende

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: descendo
Transliteration: descende
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 385

sede

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sedes
Transliteration: sede
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 81

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

pulverem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: puluis
Transliteration: pulverem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 89

virgo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uirgo
Transliteration: virgo
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 85

filia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filia
Transliteration: filia
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 566

Babylon

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Babylon
Transliteration: Babylon
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 271

sede

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sedes
Transliteration: sede
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 81

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

terra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: terra
Transliteration: terra
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: earth
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: earth, land, ground
Etymology: Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
Occurrences: 3087

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

solium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: solium
Transliteration: solium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 72

filiae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filia
Transliteration: filiae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 566

Chaldeorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Chaldei
Transliteration: Chaldeorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 37

quia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quia
Transliteration: quia
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2543

ultra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ultra
Transliteration: ultra
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 253

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

vocaberis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uoco
Transliteration: vocaberis
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 652

mollis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mollis
Transliteration: mollis
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 11

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

tenera

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tener
Transliteration: tenera
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 7

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Isaiah 47

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Jeremiah 51:33

Psalms 137:8

Zechariah 2:7

Jeremiah 46:11

Jeremiah 50:42

Isaiah 3:26

Jeremiah 48:18

Isaiah 37:22

Psalms 18:27

Lamentations 2:10

Jeremiah 13:18

Job 2:8