4 and they will spring up among the grass, as willows by the watercourses.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 44:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
49
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְצָמְח֖וּ בְּבֵ֣ין חָצִ֑יר כַּעֲרָבִ֖ים עַל־יִבְלֵי־מָֽיִם׃
7 word entries
וְצָמְח֖וּ
בְּבֵ֣ין
חָצִ֑יר
כַּעֲרָבִ֖ים
עַל
יִבְלֵי
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
καὶ ἀνατελοῦσιν ὡς ἀναμέσον ὕδατος χόρτος, καὶ ὡς ἰτέα ἐπὶ παραῤῥέον ὕδωρ.
12 word entries
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἀνατελοῦσιν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀνατελοῦσιν
- Transliteration
- anateloysin
- Morphology
- verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- they ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ὡς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὡς
- Transliteration
- hos
- Morphology
- comparative conjunction/adverb
- Gloss
- as, like, when
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/adverb
- Definition
- Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
- Occurrences
- 1899
ἀναμέσον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀναμέσον
- Transliteration
- anameson
- Morphology
- adverb/preposition
- Gloss
- between, in the midst
- Part of Speech
- adverb/preposition
- Definition
- Between or in the midst of.
- Occurrences
- 263
ὕδατος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὕδωρ
- Transliteration
- hydor
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- water
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Water.
- Occurrences
- 629
χόρτος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- χόρτος
- Transliteration
- chortos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 17
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ὡς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὡς
- Transliteration
- hos
- Morphology
- comparative conjunction/adverb
- Gloss
- as, like, when
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/adverb
- Definition
- Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
- Occurrences
- 1899
ἰτέα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἰτέα
- Transliteration
- itea
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἐπὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐπί
- Transliteration
- epi
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, over, against
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
- Occurrences
- 6685
παραῤῥέον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- παραῤῥέον
- Transliteration
- paraeon
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ὕδωρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὕδωρ
- Transliteration
- hydor
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- water
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Water.
- Occurrences
- 629
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܢܐܥܘܢ ܡܢ ܒܝܢܬ ܥܡܝܪܐ ܐܝܟ ܥܪ̈ܒܐ ܕܥܠ ܬ̈ܦܐ ܕܡ̈ܝܐ
9 word entries
ܘܢܐܥܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܐܥܘܢ
- Transliteration
- wn''wn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5552
ܒܝܢܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܝܢܬ
- Transliteration
- bynt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 49
ܥܡܝܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܡܝܪܐ
- Transliteration
- 'myr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 17
ܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- 'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2051
ܥܪ̈ܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܪܒܐ
- Transliteration
- 'rb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 6
ܕܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܠ
- Transliteration
- d'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 119
ܬ̈ܦܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܦܐ
- Transliteration
- tp'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 8
ܕܡ̈ܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܝܐ
- Transliteration
- dmy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 83
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וְיִתְרַבּוּן צַדִיקַיָא רַכִּיכִין וּמְפַנְקִין כְּלַבְלַבֵי עֲסַב כְּאִילָן דִמְשַׁלַח שָׁרְשׁוֹהִי עַל נַגְדִין דְמַיִין׃
12 word entries
וְיִתְרַבּוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתרבון
- Transliteration
- wytrbwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 7
צַדִיקַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- צדיקיא
- Transliteration
- tsdyqy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 212
רַכִּיכִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רכיכין
- Transliteration
- rkykyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 4
וּמְפַנְקִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מפנקין
- Transliteration
- wmpnqyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
כְּלַבְלַבֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לבלבי
- Transliteration
- klblby
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 2
עֲסַב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עסב
- Transliteration
- 'sb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
כְּאִילָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אילן
- Transliteration
- k'yln
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 43
דִמְשַׁלַח
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- משלח
- Transliteration
- dmshlch
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 13
שָׁרְשׁוֹהִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שרשוהי
- Transliteration
- shrshwhy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 8
עַל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- על
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, against, concerning
- Occurrences
- 3568
נַגְדִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נגדין
- Transliteration
- ngdyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 22
דְמַיִין׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מיין
- Transliteration
- dmyyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 18
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
et germinabunt inter herbas, quasi salices juxta præterfluentes aquas.
9 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
germinabunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- germino
- Transliteration
- germinabunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 47
inter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inter
- Transliteration
- inter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 502
herbas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- herba
- Transliteration
- herbas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 49
quasi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quasi
- Transliteration
- quasi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 989
salices
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- salix
- Transliteration
- salices
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 5
iuxta
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iuxta
- Transliteration
- iuxta
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 593
praeterfluentes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praeterfluo
- Transliteration
- praeterfluentes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1
aquas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aqua
- Transliteration
- aquas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 692
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Isaiah 58:11
and Yahweh will guide you continually, satisfy your soul in dry places, and make your bones strong. You will be like a watered garden, and like a spring of water whose waters don’t fail.
11 relevance votesPsalms 1:3
He will be like a tree planted by the streams of water, that produces its fruit in its season, whose leaf also does not wither. Whatever he does shall prosper.
8 relevance votesEzekiel 17:5
“‘“He also took some of the seed of the land and planted it in fruitful soil. He placed it beside many waters. He set it as a willow tree.
6 relevance votesActs 4:4
But many of those who heard the word believed, and the number of the men came to be about five thousand.
4 relevance votesActs 5:14
More believers were added to the Lord, multitudes of both men and women.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 61:11
For as the earth produces its bud, and as the garden causes the things that are sown in it to spring up, so the Lord Yahweh will cause righteousness and praise to spring up before all the nations.
3 relevance votesLeviticus 23:40
You shall take on the first day the fruit of majestic trees, branches of palm trees, and boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook; and you shall rejoice before Yahweh your God seven days.
2 relevance votesJob 40:22
The lotuses cover him with their shade. The willows of the brook surround him.
2 relevance votes