5 The islands have seen, and fear. The ends of the earth tremble. They approach, and come.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 41:5. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
46
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
רָא֤וּ אִיִּים֙ וְיִירָ֔אוּ קְצ֥וֹת הָאָ֖רֶץ יֶחֱרָ֑דוּ קָרְב֖וּ וַיֶּאֱתָיֽוּן׃
8 word entries
רָא֤וּ
אִיִּים֙
וְיִירָ֔אוּ
קְצ֥וֹת
הָאָ֖רֶץ
יֶחֱרָ֑דוּ
קָרְב֖וּ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Εἴδοσαν ἔθνη καὶ ἐφοβηθήσαν, τὰ ἄκρα τῆς γῆς ἤγγισαν, καὶ ἦλθον ἅμα,
12 word entries
Εἴδοσαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- εἴδοσαν
- Transliteration
- eidosan
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
- Gloss
- they ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 14
ἔθνη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἔθνος
- Transliteration
- ethnos
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- nation, people
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Nation, people, Gentile group, or ethnic body.
- Occurrences
- 917
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἐφοβηθήσαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐφοβηθήσαν
- Transliteration
- ephobethesan
- Morphology
- verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- were ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
τὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἄκρα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἄκρα
- Transliteration
- akra
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 17
τῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γῆ
- Transliteration
- ges
- Morphology
- noun, feminine genitive singular
- Gloss
- of earth, of land
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Earth, ground, or land.
- Strong's
- G1093
- Occurrences
- 2962
ἤγγισαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἤγγισαν
- Transliteration
- eggisan
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
- Gloss
- they ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 15
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἦλθον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἔρχομαι
- Transliteration
- elthon
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 1st singular or 3rd plural
- Gloss
- I/they came
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To come, go, or move toward.
- Occurrences
- 656
ἅμα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἅμα
- Transliteration
- hama
- Morphology
- adverb/preposition
- Gloss
- together, at the same time
- Part of Speech
- adverb/preposition
- Definition
- Together, at once, or at the same time.
- Occurrences
- 112
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܚ̈ܙܝܢܝ ܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ ܘܕܚܠܘ ܣܘ̈ܦܝܗ̇ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܕܚܠܘ ܘܩܪܒܘ ܘܐܬܘ
8 word entries
ܚ̈ܙܝܢܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܙܝܢܝ
- Transliteration
- hzyny
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܙܪܬܐ
- Transliteration
- gzrt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 13
ܘܕܚܠܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܕܚܠܘ
- Transliteration
- wdhlw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 26
ܣܘ̈ܦܝܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܘܦܝܗ
- Transliteration
- swpyh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 23
ܕܐܪܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܪܥܐ
- Transliteration
- d'r''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 341
ܕܚܠܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܠܘ
- Transliteration
- dhlw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 20
ܘܩܪܒܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܩܪܒܘ
- Transliteration
- wqrbw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 35
ܘܐܬܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܬܘ
- Transliteration
- w'tw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 146
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
חֲזוֹ נַגְוָתָא וִידַחֲלוּן דְבִסְיָפֵי אַרְעָא יְזוּעוּן יִתְקַרְבוּן וְיֵיתוּן׃
8 word entries
חֲזוֹ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חזו
- Transliteration
- chzw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 101
נַגְוָתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נגותא
- Transliteration
- ngwt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 6
וִידַחֲלוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ידחלון
- Transliteration
- wydchlwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 20
דְבִסְיָפֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בסיפי
- Transliteration
- dbsypy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 5
אַרְעָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ארע
- Transliteration
- 'r''
- Morphology
- noun feminine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- earth, land
- Occurrences
- 1735
יְזוּעוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יזועון
- Transliteration
- yzw'wn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 27
יִתְקַרְבוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתקרבון
- Transliteration
- ytqrbwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 10
וְיֵיתוּן׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ייתון
- Transliteration
- wyytwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 86
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Viderunt insulæ, et timuerunt; extrema terræ obstupuerunt: appropinquaverunt, et accesserunt.
10 word entries
viderunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uideo
- Transliteration
- viderunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1988
insulae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- insula
- Transliteration
- insulae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 50
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
timuerunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- timeo
- Transliteration
- timuerunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 477
extrema
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- exter
- Transliteration
- extrema
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 99
terrae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- terra
- Transliteration
- terrae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- earth, land, ground
- Etymology
- Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
- Occurrences
- 3087
obstipuerunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- obstupesco
- Transliteration
- obstipuerunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 32
adpropinquaverunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- appropinquo
- Transliteration
- adpropinquaverunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 95
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
accesserunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- accedo
- Transliteration
- accesserunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 225
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Psalms 66:3
Tell God, “How awesome are your deeds! Through the greatness of your power, your enemies submit themselves to you.
3 relevance votesPsalms 67:7
God will bless us. All the ends of the earth shall fear him.
3 relevance votesJoshua 5:1
When all the kings of the Amorites, who were beyond the Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, who were by the sea, heard how Yahweh had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the children of Israel until we had crossed over, their heart melted, and there was no more spirit in them, because of the children of Israel.
3 relevance votesPsalms 65:8
They also who dwell in faraway places are afraid at your wonders. You call the morning’s dawn and the evening with songs of joy.
3 relevance votesJoshua 2:10
For we have heard how Yahweh dried up the water of the Red Sea before you, when you came out of Egypt; and what you did to the two kings of the Amorites, who were beyond the Jordan, to Sihon and to Og, whom you utterly destroyed.
2 relevance votesExodus 15:14
The peoples have heard. They tremble. Pangs have taken hold of the inhabitants of Philistia.
2 relevance votesGenesis 10:5
Of these were the islands of the nations divided in their lands, everyone after his language, after their families, in their nations.
2 relevance votes