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World English Bible

Isaiah 22

World English Bible, Verse 8

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⁸ He took away the covering of Judah; and you looked in that day to the armor in the house of the forest.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 22:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 61

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיְגַ֕ל אֵ֖ת מָסַ֣ךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַתַּבֵּט֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא אֶל־נֶ֖שֶׁק בֵּ֥ית הַיָּֽעַר׃

11 word entries

וַיְגַ֕ל

Lemma: c/1540
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb piel sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1540
Occurrences: 46

אֵ֖ת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

מָסַ֣ךְ

Lemma: 4539
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4539
Occurrences: 14

יְהוּדָ֑ה

Lemma: 3063
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3063
Occurrences: 682

וַתַּבֵּט֙

Lemma: c/5027
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential imperfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5027
Occurrences: 23

בַּיּ֣וֹם

Lemma: b/3117
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3117
Occurrences: 662

הַה֔וּא

Lemma: d/1931
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + pronoun
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H1931
Occurrences: 440

אֶל

Lemma: 413
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 5170

נֶ֖שֶׁק

Lemma: 5402
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5402
Occurrences: 4

בֵּ֥ית

Lemma: 1004 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1004
Occurrences: 1121

הַיָּֽעַר

Lemma: d/3293 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3293
Occurrences: 12

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

καὶ ἀνακαλύψουσι τὰς πύλας Ἰούδα· καὶ ἐμβλέψονται τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ εἰς τοὺς ἐκλεκτοὺς οἴκους τῆς πόλεως·

16 word entries

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀνακαλύψουσι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀνακαλύψουσι
Transliteration: anakalypsoysi
Morphology: verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

τὰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πύλας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πύλη
Transliteration: pylas
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative plural
Gloss: gates
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Gate, entrance, or doorway.
Occurrences: 276

Ἰούδα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰούδα
Transliteration: Iouda
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Judah, Judas
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Judah/Judas depending on context.
Occurrences: 692

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐμβλέψονται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐμβλέψονται
Transliteration: emblepsontai
Morphology: verb, present/future middle-passive form, 3rd plural
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

τῇ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἡμέρᾳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἡμέρα
Transliteration: hemera
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: day
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Day.
Occurrences: 2366

ἐκείνῃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκεῖνος
Transliteration: ekeine
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, dative feminine singular
Gloss: that one, that
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: That, that one.
Occurrences: 490

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

τοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἐκλεκτοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐκλεκτοὺς
Transliteration: eklektoys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

οἴκους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οἶκος
Transliteration: oikos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: house, household
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: House, household, or temple.
Occurrences: 1831

τῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πόλεως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πόλις
Transliteration: polis
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: city
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: City or town.
Occurrences: 1387

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܝܗܘܕܐ ܢܓܠܐ ܣܕܪ̈ܐ ܘܬܚܙܐ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܗ̇ܘ ܙܝܢܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܥܒܐ

9 word entries

ܘܝܗܘܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܝܗܘܕܐ
Transliteration: wyhwd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 33

ܢܓܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܓܠܐ
Transliteration: ngl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 2

ܣܕܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܕܪܐ
Transliteration: sdr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 11

ܘܬܚܙܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܬܚܙܐ
Transliteration: wthz'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 8

ܒܝܘܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܝܘܡܐ
Transliteration: bywm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 327

ܗ̇ܘ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘ
Transliteration: hu
Morphology: pronoun/copula, masculine singular
Gloss: he, it, is
Occurrences: 2003

ܙܝܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܙܝܢܐ
Transliteration: zyn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 22

ܕܒܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܒܝܬ
Transliteration: dbyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 401

ܥܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܒܐ
Transliteration: 'b'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 30

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְגַלֵי יַת מַטְמוֹרִית בֵּית יְהוּדָה וְאִסְתְּכֵי בְּעִדָנָא הַהִיא עַל זְיַן בֵּית גִנְזֵי מַקְדְשָׁא׃

13 word entries

וְגַלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גלי
Transliteration: wgly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 113

יַת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

מַטְמוֹרִית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טמורית
Transliteration: mtmwryt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

בֵּית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

יְהוּדָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יהודה
Transliteration: yhwdh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 745

וְאִסְתְּכֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אסתכי
Transliteration: w'stky
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 11

בְּעִדָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עדנא
Transliteration: b'dn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 140

הַהִיא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ההיא
Transliteration: hhy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 175

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

זְיַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זין
Transliteration: zyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 12

בֵּית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

גִנְזֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גנזי
Transliteration: gnzy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 7

מַקְדְשָׁא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדשא
Transliteration: mqdsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 420

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et revelabitur operimentum Judæ, et videbis in die illa armamentarium domus saltus.

12 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

revelabitur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: reuelo
Transliteration: revelabitur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 107

operimentum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: operimentum
Transliteration: operimentum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 23

Iudae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iuda
Transliteration: Iudae
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 970

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

videbis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uideo
Transliteration: videbis
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1988

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

die

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dies
Transliteration: die
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2559

illa

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ille
Transliteration: illa
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4947

armamentarium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: armamentarium
Transliteration: armamentarium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 5

domus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: domus
Transliteration: domus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1989

saltus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: saltus
Transliteration: saltus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 44

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Isaiah 22

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Ranked cross references

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