Hosea 11

World English Bible, Verse 10

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¹⁰ They will walk after Yahweh, who will roar like a lion; for he will roar, and the children will come trembling from the west.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Hosea 11:10. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 63

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אַחֲרֵ֧י יְהוָ֛ה יֵלְכ֖וּ כְּאַרְיֵ֣ה יִשְׁאָ֑ג כִּֽי־ה֣וּא יִשְׁאַ֔ג וְיֶחֶרְד֥וּ בָנִ֖ים מִיָּֽם׃

11 word entries

אַחֲרֵ֧י

Lemma: 310 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H310
Occurrences: 539

יְהוָ֛ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

יֵלְכ֖וּ

Lemma: 3212
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3212
Occurrences: 456

כְּאַרְיֵ֣ה

Lemma: k/738 b
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H738
Occurrences: 10

יִשְׁאָ֑ג

Lemma: 7580
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7580
Occurrences: 18

כִּֽי

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

ה֣וּא

Lemma: 1931
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H1931
Occurrences: 1188

יִשְׁאַ֔ג

Lemma: 7580
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7580
Occurrences: 18

וְיֶחֶרְד֥וּ

Lemma: c/2729
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H2729
Occurrences: 14

בָנִ֖ים

Lemma: 1121 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1121
Occurrences: 4020

מִיָּֽם

Lemma: m/3220
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3220
Occurrences: 21

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὀπίσω Κυρίου πορεύσομαι· ὡς λέων ἐρεύξεται, ὅτι αὐτὸς ὠρύσεται, καὶ ἐκστήσονται τέκνα ὑδάτων.

13 word entries

Ὀπίσω

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὀπίσω
Transliteration: opiso
Morphology: adverb/preposition
Gloss: behind, after
Part of Speech: adverb/preposition
Definition: Behind, after, or following.
Occurrences: 347

Κυρίου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

πορεύσομαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πορεύομαι
Transliteration: poreusomai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 1st singular
Gloss: I will go
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To go, travel, journey, or walk.
Occurrences: 631

ὡς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὡς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, like, when
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 1899

λέων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λέων
Transliteration: leon
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: lion
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lion.
Occurrences: 49

ἐρεύξεται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐρεύξεται
Transliteration: ereyxetai
Morphology: verb, present/future middle-passive form, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

αὐτὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ὠρύσεται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ὠρύσεται
Transliteration: orysetai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐκστήσονται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐκστήσονται
Transliteration: ekstesontai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

τέκνα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τέκνον
Transliteration: teknon
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: child
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Child, offspring, or descendant.
Occurrences: 232

ὑδάτων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὕδωρ
Transliteration: hydor
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: water
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Water.
Occurrences: 629

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܒܬܪ ܡܪܝܐ ܢܐܙܠܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܐܪܝܐ ܕܢܗܡ ܡܛܠ ܕܗܘ ܢܢܗܡ ܘܢܙܘܥܘܢ ܒܢܝܐ ܡܢ ܥܡܐ

13 word entries

ܒܬܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܬܪ
Transliteration: btr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 301

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: maryah
Morphology: divine title, emphatic form
Gloss: Lord
Occurrences: 2917

ܢܐܙܠܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܐܙܠܘܢ
Transliteration: n'zlwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 22

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܐܪܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܪܝܐ
Transliteration: 'ry'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 47

ܕܢܗܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢܗܡ
Transliteration: dnhm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 4

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܕܗܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܗܘ
Transliteration: dhw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 90

ܢܢܗܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܢܗܡ
Transliteration: nnhm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 7

ܘܢܙܘܥܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܙܘܥܘܢ
Transliteration: wnzw'wn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 6

ܒܢܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܢܝܐ
Transliteration: bny'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 180

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܥܡܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܥܡܐ
Transliteration: amma
Morphology: noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss: people, nation
Occurrences: 688

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

בָּתַר פּוּלְחָנָא דַייָ יְהָכוּן מֵימְרֵיהּ כְּאַרְיָא דְמַכְלֵי אֲרֵי הוּא יֵכְלִי וְיִתְכַּנְשׁוּן גַלְוָתָא מִמַעַרְבָא׃

13 word entries

בָּתַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בתר
Transliteration: btr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 428

פּוּלְחָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פולחנא
Transliteration: pwlchn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 97

דַייָ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דיי
Transliteration: dyy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1761

יְהָכוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יהכון
Transliteration: yhkwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 41

מֵימְרֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ימריה
Transliteration: mymryh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 45

כְּאַרְיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אריא
Transliteration: k'ry'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 58

דְמַכְלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מכלי
Transliteration: dmkly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1969

הוּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוא
Transliteration: hw'
Morphology: personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: he, it
Occurrences: 992

יֵכְלִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יכלי
Transliteration: ykly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 22

וְיִתְכַּנְשׁוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתכנשון
Transliteration: wytknshwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 27

גַלְוָתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גלותא
Transliteration: glwt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 71

מִמַעַרְבָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מערבא
Transliteration: mm'rb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 17

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Post Dominum ambulabunt; quasi leo rugiet, quia ipse rugiet, et formidabunt filii maris.

13 word entries

post

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: post
Transliteration: post
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 621

Dominum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

ambulabunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ambulo
Transliteration: ambulabunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 412

quasi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quasi
Transliteration: quasi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 989

leo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: leo
Transliteration: leo
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 136

rugiet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rugio
Transliteration: rugiet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 27

quia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quia
Transliteration: quia
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2543

ipse

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ipse
Transliteration: ipse
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 2134

rugiet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rugio
Transliteration: rugiet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 27

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

formidabunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: formido
Transliteration: formidabunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 57

filii

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filius
Transliteration: filii
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 5067

maris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mare
Transliteration: maris
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 490

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Joel 3:16

Yahweh will roar from Zion, and thunder from Jerusalem; and the heavens and the earth will shake; but Yahweh will be a refuge to his people, and a stronghold to the children of Israel.

7 relevance votes

Isaiah 31:4

For Yahweh says to me, “As the lion and the young lion growling over his prey, if a multitude of shepherds is called together against him, will not be dismayed at their voice, nor abase himself for their noise, so Yahweh of Armies will come down to fight on Mount Zion and on its heights.

6 relevance votes

Amos 1:2

He said: “Yahweh will roar from Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the pastures of the shepherds will mourn, and the top of Carmel will wither.”

6 relevance votes

Jeremiah 25:30

“Therefore prophesy against them all these words, and tell them, “‘Yahweh will roar from on high, and utter his voice from his holy habitation. He will mightily roar against his fold. He will give a shout, as those who tread grapes, against all the inhabitants of the earth.

5 relevance votes

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Hosea 11

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Joel 3:16

Isaiah 31:4

Amos 1:2

Jeremiah 25:30

Jeremiah 31:9

Isaiah 64:2

2 Peter 2:10

Jeremiah 7:6

John 8:12

Romans 8:1

Hosea 3:5

Zechariah 10:12