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World English Bible

Genesis 49

World English Bible, Verse 3

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³ “Reuben, you are my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength, excelling in dignity, and excelling in power.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 49:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 65

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

רְאוּבֵן֙ בְּכֹ֣רִי אַ֔תָּה כֹּחִ֖י וְרֵאשִׁ֣ית אוֹנִ֑י יֶ֥תֶר שְׂאֵ֖ת וְיֶ֥תֶר עָֽז׃

10 word entries

רְאוּבֵן֙

Lemma: 7205
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7205
Occurrences: 69

בְּכֹ֣רִי

Lemma: 1060
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1060
Occurrences: 83

אַ֔תָּה

Lemma: 859 a
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H859
Occurrences: 535

כֹּחִ֖י

Lemma: 3581 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3581
Occurrences: 87

וְרֵאשִׁ֣ית

Lemma: c/7225
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7225
Occurrences: 6

אוֹנִ֑י

Lemma: 202
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H202
Occurrences: 10

יֶ֥תֶר

Lemma: 3499 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3499
Occurrences: 26

שְׂאֵ֖ת

Lemma: 7613
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7613
Occurrences: 8

וְיֶ֥תֶר

Lemma: c/3499 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3499
Occurrences: 59

עָֽז

Lemma: 5794
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H5794
Occurrences: 23

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ῥουβὴν πρωτότοκός μου, σὺ ἰσχύς μου, καὶ ἀρχὴ τέκνων μου, σκληρὸς φέρεσθαι, καὶ σκληρὸς αὐθάδης.

15 word entries

Ῥουβὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ῥουβήν
Transliteration: Rhouben
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Reuben
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Reuben.
Occurrences: 86

πρωτότοκός

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πρωτότοκός
Transliteration: prototokos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

σὺ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

ἰσχύς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἰσχύς
Transliteration: ischys
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἰσχύς
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 27

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀρχὴ

Status: Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
Note: Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Lemma: ἀρχὴ
Transliteration: arche
Morphology: noun
Gloss: beginning
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Beginning, origin, ruler, or authority.
Strong's: G746
Occurrences: 51

τέκνων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τέκνον
Transliteration: teknon
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: child
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Child, offspring, or descendant.
Occurrences: 232

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

σκληρὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σκληρὸς
Transliteration: skleros
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

φέρεσθαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: φέρεσθαι
Transliteration: pheresthai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

σκληρὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σκληρὸς
Transliteration: skleros
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

αὐθάδης

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: αὐθάδης
Transliteration: aythades
Morphology: genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

רְאוּבֵן בּוּכְרִי אַתְּ חֵילִי וְרֵישׁ תָּקְפִּי לָךְ הֲוָה חָזֵי לְמִסַּב תְּלָתָא חוּלָקִין בְּכֵירוּתָא כְּהֻנְתָּא וּמַלְכוּתָא

15 word entries

רְאוּבֵן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ראובן
Transliteration: r'wbn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 45

בּוּכְרִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: וכרי
Transliteration: bwkry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

אַתְּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: את
Transliteration: 't
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 163

חֵילִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חילי
Transliteration: chyly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 7

וְרֵישׁ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ריש
Transliteration: wrysh
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + noun masculine singular
Gloss: and head, chief, beginning
Occurrences: 128

תָּקְפִּי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תקפי
Transliteration: tqpy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

לָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לך
Transliteration: lk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 326

הֲוָה

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוה
Transliteration: hwh
Morphology: verbal root הוה
Gloss: was, became, happened
Occurrences: 292

חָזֵי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: חזי
Transliteration: chzy
Morphology: verbal root חזי
Gloss: saw, looked
Occurrences: 44

לְמִסַּב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מסב
Transliteration: lmsb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 7

תְּלָתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תלתא
Transliteration: tlt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 77

חוּלָקִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חולקין
Transliteration: chwlqyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

בְּכֵירוּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כירותא
Transliteration: bkyrwt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

כְּהֻנְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הנתא
Transliteration: khnt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

וּמַלְכוּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מלכותא
Transliteration: wmlkwt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܪܘܒܝܠ ܒܘܟܪܝ ܐܢܬ. ܚܝܠܝ ܘܪܝܫ ܬܘܩܦܝ. ܫܪܟܐ ܕܫܩܘܠܬܐ ܘܫܪܟܐ ܕܥܘܫܢܐ.

10 word entries

ܪܘܒܝܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: RWBJL
Morphology: RWBJL/
Occurrences: 0

ܒܘܟܪܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: BWKRJ
Morphology: BWKR/-J
Occurrences: 0

ܐܢܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >NT
Morphology: >NT
Occurrences: 0

ܚܝܠܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: XJLJ
Morphology: XJL/-J
Occurrences: 0

ܘܪܝܫ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WRJC
Morphology: W-RJC/
Occurrences: 0

ܬܘܩܦܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TWQPJ
Morphology: TWQP/-J
Occurrences: 0

ܫܪܟܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: CRK>
Morphology: CRK/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܫܩܘܠܬܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DCQWLT>
Morphology: D-CQWL(>/T~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܫܪܟܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WCRK>
Morphology: W-CRK/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܥܘܫܢܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D<WCN>
Morphology: D-<WCN/~>
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Ruben, primogenitus meus, tu fortitudo mea, et principium doloris mei; prior in donis, major in imperio.

15 word entries

Ruben

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ruben
Transliteration: Ruben
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 54

primogenitus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: primogenitus
Transliteration: primogenitus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 136

meus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: meus
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tu
Transliteration: tu
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4602

fortitudo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fortitudo
Transliteration: fortitudo
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 193

mea

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: mea
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

principium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: principium
Transliteration: principium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: beginning
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: beginning, origin, foundation, principle
Etymology: From Latin princeps/principium language of firstness, beginning, or foundation.
Occurrences: 65

doloris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dolor
Transliteration: doloris
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 119

mei

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: mei
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

prior

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: prior
Transliteration: prior
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 96

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

donis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: donum
Transliteration: donis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 61

maior

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: magnus
Transliteration: maior
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 1017

imperio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: imperium
Transliteration: imperio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 78

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Genesis 49

Source Text Study

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