31 We said to him, ‘We are honest men. We are no spies.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 42:31. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
37
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַנֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו כֵּנִ֣ים אֲנָ֑חְנוּ לֹ֥א הָיִ֖ינוּ מְרַגְּלִֽים׃
7 word entries
וַנֹּ֥אמֶר
אֵלָ֖יו
הָיִ֖ינוּ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Εἴπαμεν δὲ αὐτῷ, εἰρήνικοί ἐσμεν, οὐκ ἐσμὲν κατάσκοποι.
8 word entries
Εἴπαμεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- εἴπαμεν
- Transliteration
- eipamen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 11
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
αὐτῷ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
εἰρήνικοί
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- εἰρήνικοί
- Transliteration
- eirenikoi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἐσμεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐσμεν
- Transliteration
- esmen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 16
οὐκ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὐ
- Transliteration
- ou
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Part of Speech
- particle
- Definition
- Negative particle before rough breathing.
- Occurrences
- 5892
ἐσμὲν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐσμὲν
- Transliteration
- esmen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 23
κατάσκοποι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- κατάσκοποι
- Transliteration
- kataskopoi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
Targum Onkelos Torah
Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
וַאֲמַרְנָא לֵהּ כֵּיוָנֵי אֲנָחְנָא לָא הֲוֵינָא אַלִּילֵי
7 word entries
וַאֲמַרְנָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אמר
- Transliteration
- w'mrn'
- Morphology
- verbal root אמר, speech/action form
- Gloss
- said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 1144
לֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לה
- Transliteration
- lh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 465
כֵּיוָנֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יוני
- Transliteration
- kywny
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 5
אֲנָחְנָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אנחנא
- Transliteration
- 'nchn'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 39
לָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- לא
- Transliteration
- l'
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 1040
הֲוֵינָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הוינא
- Transliteration
- hwyn'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 9
אַלִּילֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אלילי
- Transliteration
- 'lyly
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 5
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܐܡܪܢ ܠܗ. ܟܐ̈ܢܐ ܚܢܢ ܘܠܐ ܗܘ̣ܝܢ ܓܫ̈ܘܫܐ.
7 word entries
ܘܐܡܪܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- W>MRN
- Morphology
- W->MR[N
- Occurrences
- 0
ܠܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- LH
- Morphology
- L-H
- Occurrences
- 0
ܟܐ̈ܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- K>"N>
- Morphology
- K>N/(J~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܚܢܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- XNN
- Morphology
- XNN
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WL>
- Morphology
- W-L>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܗܘ̣ܝܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- HW#JN
- Morphology
- HWJ[N
- Occurrences
- 0
ܓܫ̈ܘܫܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- GC"WC>
- Morphology
- GCWC/(J~>
- Occurrences
- 0
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Cui respondimus: Pacifici sumus, nec ullas molimur insidias.
8 word entries
cui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- cui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
respondimus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- respondeo
- Transliteration
- respondimus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 851
pacifici
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pacificus
- Transliteration
- pacifici
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 86
sumus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sumus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
nec
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nec
- Transliteration
- nec
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 750
ullas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ullus
- Transliteration
- ullas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 65
molimur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- molior
- Transliteration
- molimur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 8
insidias
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- insidiae
- Transliteration
- insidias
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 60
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Genesis 42:11
We are all one man’s sons; we are honest men. Your servants are not spies.”
2 relevance votes