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World English Bible

Genesis 25

World English Bible, Verse 28

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²⁸ Now Isaac loved Esau, because he ate his venison. Rebekah loved Jacob.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 25:28. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 61

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיֶּאֱהַ֥ב יִצְחָ֛ק אֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו כִּי־צַ֣יִד בְּפִ֑יו וְרִבְקָ֖ה אֹהֶ֥בֶת אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב׃

11 word entries

וַיֶּאֱהַ֥ב

Lemma: c/157
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H157
Occurrences: 37

יִצְחָ֛ק

Lemma: 3327
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3327
Occurrences: 81

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

עֵשָׂ֖ו

Lemma: 6215
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6215
Occurrences: 86

כִּי

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

צַ֣יִד

Lemma: 6718 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6718
Occurrences: 9

בְּפִ֑יו

Lemma: b/6310
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6310
Occurrences: 73

וְרִבְקָ֖ה

Lemma: c/7259
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7259
Occurrences: 3

אֹהֶ֥בֶת

Lemma: 157
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H157
Occurrences: 143

אֶֽת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

יַעֲקֹֽב

Lemma: 3290
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3290
Occurrences: 274

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἠγάπησε δὲ Ἰσαὰκ τὸν Ἡσαῦ, ὅτι ἡ θήρα αὐτοῦ βρῶσις αὐτῷ· Ῥεβέκκα δὲ ἠγάπα τὸν Ἰακώβ.

16 word entries

Ἠγάπησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἠγάπησε
Transliteration: egapese
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἠγάπησε
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 15

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

Ἰσαὰκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰσαάκ
Transliteration: Isaak
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Isaac
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Isaac.
Occurrences: 122

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ἡσαῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἡσαῦ
Transliteration: Esau
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Esau
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Esau.
Occurrences: 101

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

ἡ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

θήρα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: θήρα
Transliteration: thera
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

βρῶσις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: βρῶσις
Transliteration: brosis
Morphology: nominative singular feminine third-declension pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

αὐτῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Ῥεβέκκα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ῥεβέκκα
Transliteration: ebekka
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ἠγάπα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἠγάπα
Transliteration: egapa
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ἰακώβ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰακώβ
Transliteration: Iakob
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Jacob
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Jacob.
Occurrences: 392

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וּרְחֵם יִצְחָק יָת עֵשָׂו אֲרֵי מִצֵידֵהּ הֲוָה אָכִיל וְרִבְקָה רְחִימַת יָת יַעֲקֹב

12 word entries

וּרְחֵם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רחם
Transliteration: wrchm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 10

יִצְחָק

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יצחק
Transliteration: ytschq
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 97

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 2463

עֵשָׂו

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עשו
Transliteration: 'shw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 82

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 989

מִצֵידֵהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צידה
Transliteration: mtsydh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

הֲוָה

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוה
Transliteration: hwh
Morphology: verbal root הוה
Gloss: was, became, happened
Occurrences: 292

אָכִיל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אכיל
Transliteration: 'kyl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

וְרִבְקָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רבקה
Transliteration: wrbqh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 29

רְחִימַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רחימת
Transliteration: rchymt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 2463

יַעֲקֹב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יעקב
Transliteration: y'qb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 199

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܪܚ̣ܡ ܐܝܣܚܩ ܠܥܣܘ. ܡܛܠ ܕܨܝܕܗ ܒܦܘܡܗ. ܘܪܦܩܐ ܪܚ̣ܡܬ ܠܝܥܩܘܒ.

9 word entries

ܘܪܚ̣ܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WRX#M
Morphology: W-RXM[
Occurrences: 0

ܐܝܣܚܩ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >JSXQ
Morphology: >JSXQ/
Occurrences: 0

ܠܥܣܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: L<SW
Morphology: L-<SW/
Occurrences: 0

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MVL
Morphology: MVL
Occurrences: 0

ܕܨܝܕܗ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DYJDH
Morphology: D-YJD/-H
Occurrences: 0

ܒܦܘܡܗ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: BPWMH
Morphology: B-PWM/-H
Occurrences: 0

ܘܪܦܩܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WRPQ>
Morphology: W-RPQ>/
Occurrences: 0

ܪܚ̣ܡܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: RX#MT
Morphology: RXM[T==
Occurrences: 0

ܠܝܥܩܘܒ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LJ<QWB
Morphology: L-J<QWB/
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Isaac amabat Esau, eo quod de venationibus illius vesceretur: et Rebecca diligebat Jacob.

13 word entries

Isaac

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Isaac
Transliteration: Isaac
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 111

amabat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: amo
Transliteration: amabat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 59

Esau

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Esau
Transliteration: Esau
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 82

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: eo
Transliteration: eo
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 698

quod

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quod
Transliteration: quod
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1241

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: de
Transliteration: de
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 4779

venationibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uenatio
Transliteration: venationibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 13

illius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ille
Transliteration: illius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4947

vesceretur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uescor
Transliteration: vesceretur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 78

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Rebecca

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Rebecca
Transliteration: Rebecca
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 20

diligebat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: diligo
Transliteration: diligebat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 338

Iacob

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iacob
Transliteration: Iacob
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 364

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Genesis 25

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Ranked cross references

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