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World English Bible

Genesis 14

World English Bible, Verse 18

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¹⁸ Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine. He was priest of God Most High.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 14:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 63

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וּמַלְכִּי־צֶ֙דֶק֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ שָׁלֵ֔ם הוֹצִ֖יא לֶ֣חֶם וָיָ֑יִן וְה֥וּא כֹהֵ֖ן לְאֵ֥ל עֶלְיֽוֹן׃

11 word entries

וּמַלְכִּי

Lemma: c/4442+
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H4442
Occurrences: 1

צֶ֨דֶק֙

Lemma: 4442
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4442
Occurrences: 2

מֶ֣לֶךְ

Lemma: 4428
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4428
Occurrences: 1112

שָׁלֵ֔ם

Lemma: 8004
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8004
Occurrences: 1

הוֹצִ֖יא

Lemma: 3318
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3318
Occurrences: 539

לֶ֣חֶם

Lemma: 3899
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3899
Occurrences: 232

וָיָ֑יִן

Lemma: c/3196
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3196
Occurrences: 27

וְה֥וּא

Lemma: c/1931
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + pronoun
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1931
Occurrences: 260

כֹהֵ֖ן

Lemma: 3548
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3548
Occurrences: 96

לְאֵ֥ל

Lemma: l/410
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H410
Occurrences: 25

עֶלְיֽוֹן

Lemma: 5945 b
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H5945
Occurrences: 25

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ Μελχισεδὲκ βασιλεὺς Σαλὴμ ἐξήνεγκεν ἄρτους καὶ οἶνον· ἦν δὲ ἱερεὺς τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου.

15 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Μελχισεδὲκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: Μελχισεδὲκ
Transliteration: melchisedek
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Μελχισεδὲκ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

βασιλεὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: βασιλεύς
Transliteration: basileus
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: king
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: King or ruler.
Occurrences: 3067

Σαλὴμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Σαλὴμ
Transliteration: salem
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Σαλὴμ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

ἐξήνεγκεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξήνεγκεν
Transliteration: exenegken
Morphology: verb, perfect/aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 17

ἄρτους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἄρτος
Transliteration: artous
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative plural
Gloss: bread, loaves
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Bread or loaf.
Occurrences: 190

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

οἶνον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οἶνος
Transliteration: oinon
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative singular
Gloss: wine
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Wine.
Occurrences: 193

ἦν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: en
Morphology: verb, imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it was
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ἱερεὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἱερεύς
Transliteration: hiereus
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: priest
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Priest.
Occurrences: 817

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Θεοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θεός
Transliteration: theou
Morphology: noun, masculine genitive singular
Gloss: of God
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity, or divine being.
Strong's: G2316
Occurrences: 3522

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ὑψίστου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὕψιστος
Transliteration: hypsistou
Morphology: superlative adjective/substantive, masculine/neuter genitive singular
Gloss: of the Most High
Part of Speech: adjective/substantive
Definition: Highest, most high; often a divine title.
Occurrences: 81

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וּמַלְכִּי צֶדֶק מַלְכָּא דִירוּשְׁלֶם אַפֵּיק לְחֵם וַחֲמָר וְהוּא מְשַׁמֵשׁ קֳדָם אֵל עִלָאָה

12 word entries

וּמַלְכִּי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מלכי
Transliteration: wmlky
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

צֶדֶק

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צדק
Transliteration: tsdq
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

מַלְכָּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מלך
Transliteration: mlk'
Morphology: prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: from king
Occurrences: 95

דִירוּשְׁלֶם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ירושלם
Transliteration: dyrwshlm
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + proper noun
Gloss: of/that Jerusalem
Occurrences: 2

אַפֵּיק

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אפיק
Transliteration: 'pyq
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 21

לְחֵם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לחם
Transliteration: lchm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 26

וַחֲמָר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חמר
Transliteration: wchmr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 18

וְהוּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוא
Transliteration: whw'
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: and he, it
Occurrences: 372

מְשַׁמֵשׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמש
Transliteration: mshmsh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 9

קֳדָם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 823

אֵל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אל
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 32

עִלָאָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלאה
Transliteration: 'l'h
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 8

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܡܠܟܝܙܕܩ ܡܠܟ ܫܠܝܡ. ܐܦܩ ܠܚܡܐ ܘܚܡܪܐ. ܘܗ̣ܘ ܟܘܡܪܐ ܗܘܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܡܪܝܡܐ.

11 word entries

ܘܡܠܟܝܙܕܩ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WMLKJZDQ
Morphology: W-MLKJZDQ/
Occurrences: 0

ܡܠܟ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MLK
Morphology: MLK/
Occurrences: 0

ܫܠܝܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: CLJM
Morphology: CLJM/
Occurrences: 0

ܐܦܩ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >PQ
Morphology: ]>](NPQ[
Occurrences: 0

ܠܚܡܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LXM>
Morphology: LXM/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܚܡܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WXMR>
Morphology: W-XMR/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܗ̣ܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WH#W
Morphology: W-HW
Occurrences: 0

ܟܘܡܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: KWMR>
Morphology: KWMR/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: HW>
Morphology: HW(J&>[
Occurrences: 0

ܕܐܠܗܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D>LH>
Morphology: D->LH/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܡܪܝܡܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MRJM>
Morphology: !M!R(W&JM[/~>:dp
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

At vero Melchisedech rex Salem, proferens panem et vinum, erat enim sacerdos Dei altissimi,

14 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: at
Transliteration: at
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 286

vero

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uero
Transliteration: vero
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 537

Melchisedech

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Melchisedech
Transliteration: Melchisedech
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 10

rex

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rex
Transliteration: rex
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2981

Salem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sal
Transliteration: Salem
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 33

proferens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: profero
Transliteration: proferens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 63

panem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: panis
Transliteration: panem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 393

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

vinum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uinum
Transliteration: vinum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 224

erat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: erat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

enim

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: enim
Transliteration: enim
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2392

sacerdos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sacerdos
Transliteration: sacerdos
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 777

Dei

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: deus
Transliteration: Dei
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: God
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity
Etymology: Latin noun for God or a god.
Occurrences: 4889

altissimi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: altus
Transliteration: altissimi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 112

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Genesis 14

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