19 Then why is there the law? It was added because of transgressions, until the offspring should come to whom the promise has been made. It was ordained through angels by the hand of a mediator.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Galatians 3:19. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
80
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Τί οὖν ὁ νόμος; Τῶν παραβάσεων χάριν προσετέθη, ἄχρις οὗ ἔλθῃ τὸ σπέρμα ᾧ ἐπήγγελται, διαταγεὶς δι᾿ ἀγγέλων ἐν χειρὶ μεσίτου.
21 word entries
Τί
οὖν
ὁ
νόμος
Τῶν
παραβάσεων
- Lemma
- parabasewn
- Transliteration
- parabasewn
- Morphology
- Greek: noun genitive plural feminine
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G3847
- Occurrences
- 2
χάριν
προσετέθη
ἄχρις
οὗ
ἔλθῃ
τὸ
σπέρμα
ᾧ
ἐπήγγελται
- Lemma
- ephggeltai
- Transliteration
- ephggeltai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb perfect passive indicative singular
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1861
- Occurrences
- 3
διαταγεὶς
δι᾿
ἀγγέλων
ἐν
χειρὶ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
τί οὖν ὁ νόμος; τῶν παραβάσεων χάριν προσετέθη, ἄχρις οὗ ἔλθῃ τὸ σπέρμα ᾧ ἐπήγγελται, διαταγεὶς δι’ ἀγγέλων ἐν χειρὶ μεσίτου.
21 word entries
ὁ
τῶν
προσετέθη,
- Lemma
- προστίθημι
- Morphology
- V-API-3S
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G4369
- Occurrences
- 18
τὸ
ἐν
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܢܐ ܗܟܝܠ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܡܛܠ ܡܣܛܝܢܘܬܐ ܐܬܬܘܣܦ ܥܕܡܐ ܕܢܐܬܐ ܙܪܥܐ ܗܘ ܕܠܗ ܗܘܐ ܫܘܘܕܝܐ ܘܐܬܝܗܒ ܗܘ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܒܝܕ ܡܠܐܟܐ ܒܐܝܕܐ ܕܡܨܥܝܐ
20 word entries
ܡܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢܐ
- Transliteration
- mn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 257
ܗܟܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܟܝܠ
- Transliteration
- hkyl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 250
ܢܡܘܣܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܡܘܣܐ
- Transliteration
- nmws'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 114
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 632
ܡܣܛܝܢܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܣܛܝܢܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- mstynwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 1
ܐܬܬܘܣܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܬܬܘܣܦ
- Transliteration
- 'ttwsp
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܥܕܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܕܡܐ
- Transliteration
- 'dm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 196
ܕܢܐܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܐܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dn't'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 29
ܙܪܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܙܪܥܐ
- Transliteration
- zr''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 24
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 1648
ܕܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܗ
- Transliteration
- dlh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 22
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܫܘܘܕܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܘܘܕܝܐ
- Transliteration
- shwwdy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 7
ܘܐܬܝܗܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܬܝܗܒ
- Transliteration
- w'tyhb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 19
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 1648
ܢܡܘܣܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܡܘܣܐ
- Transliteration
- nmws'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 114
ܒܝܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܝܕ
- Transliteration
- byd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 71
ܡܠܐܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܐܟܐ
- Transliteration
- ml'k'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 95
ܒܐܝܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܐܝܕܐ
- Transliteration
- b'yd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 8
ܕܡܨܥܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܨܥܝܐ
- Transliteration
- dms'y'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Quid igitur lex? Propter transgressiones posita est donec veniret semen, cui promiserat, ordinata per angelos in manu mediatoris.
18 word entries
quid
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quis
- Transliteration
- quid
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1619
igitur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- igitur
- Transliteration
- igitur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 420
lex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lex
- Transliteration
- lex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 596
propter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- propter
- Transliteration
- propter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 688
transgressiones
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- transgressio
- Transliteration
- transgressiones
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 4
posita
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pono
- Transliteration
- posita
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 894
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
donec
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- donec
- Transliteration
- donec
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 328
veniret
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uenio
- Transliteration
- veniret
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 2233
semen
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- semen
- Transliteration
- semen
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 287
cui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- cui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
promiserat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- promitto
- Transliteration
- promiserat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 54
ordinata
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ordino
- Transliteration
- ordinata
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 25
per
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- per
- Transliteration
- per
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1915
angelos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- angelus
- Transliteration
- angelos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 326
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
manu
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- manus
- Transliteration
- manu
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1822
mediatoris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mediator
- Transliteration
- mediatoris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 7
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Acts 7:53
You received the law as it was ordained by angels, and didn’t keep it!”
19 relevance votesHebrews 2:2
For if the word spoken through angels proved steadfast, and every transgression and disobedience received a just penalty,
14 relevance votesGalatians 3:16
Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and to his offspring. He doesn’t say, “To descendants ”, as of many, but as of one, “To your offspring”, which is Christ.
11 relevance votesRomans 4:15
For the law produces wrath; for where there is no law, neither is there disobedience.
8 relevance votesDeuteronomy 5:5
(I stood between Yahweh and you at that time, to show you Yahweh’s word; for you were afraid because of the fire, and didn’t go up onto the mountain) saying,
5 relevance votesActs 7:38
This is he who was in the assembly in the wilderness with the angel that spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our fathers, who received living revelations to give to us,
5 relevance votesRomans 2:13
For it isn’t the hearers of the law who are righteous before God, but the doers of the law will be justified
5 relevance votesJohn 15:22
If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not have had sin; but now they have no excuse for their sin.
5 relevance votesJohn 1:17
For the law was given through Moses. Grace and truth were realized through Jesus Christ.
4 relevance votesDeuteronomy 33:2
He said, “Yahweh came from Sinai, and rose from Seir to them. He shone from Mount Paran. He came from the ten thousands of holy ones. At his right hand was a fiery law for them.
4 relevance votesLuke 16:31
“He said to him, ‘If they don’t listen to Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded if one rises from the dead.’”
3 relevance votesLeviticus 15:32
This is the law of him who has a discharge, and of him who has an emission of semen, so that he is unclean by it;
3 relevance votes