13 For you have heard of my way of living in time past in the Jews’ religion, how that beyond measure I persecuted the assembly of God and ravaged it.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Galatians 1:13. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
70
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ἠκούσατε γὰρ τὴν ἐμὴν ἀναστροφήν ποτε ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ, ὅτι καθ᾿ ὑπερβολὴν ἐδίωκον τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ἐπόρθουν αὐτήν·
20 word entries
Ἠκούσατε
γὰρ
τὴν
ἐμὴν
ἀναστροφήν
- Lemma
- anastrofhn
- Transliteration
- anastrofhn
- Morphology
- Greek: noun accusative singular feminine
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G391
- Occurrences
- 5
ποτε
ἐν
τῷ
Ἰουδαϊσμῷ
ὅτι
καθ᾿
ὑπερβολὴν
ἐδίωκον
τὴν
ἐκκλησίαν
τοῦ
Θεοῦ
καὶ
ἐπόρθουν
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ἠκούσατε γὰρ τὴν ἐμὴν ἀναστροφήν ποτε ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ, ὅτι καθ’ ὑπερβολὴν ἐδίωκον τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἐπόρθουν αὐτήν,
20 word entries
τὴν
ἐν
τῷ
Ἰουδαϊσμῷ,
- Lemma
- Ἰουδαϊσμός
- Morphology
- N-DSM
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G2454
- Occurrences
- 2
τὴν
τοῦ
θεοῦ
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܫܡܥܬܘܢ ܓܝܪ ܗܘܦܟܝ ܕܡܢ ܩܕܝܡ ܕܒܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ ܕܝܬܝܪܐܝܬ ܪܕܦ ܗܘܝܬ ܥܕܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܘܚܪܒ ܗܘܝܬ ܠܗ
14 word entries
ܫܡܥܬܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܡܥܬܘܢ
- Transliteration
- shm'twn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 16
ܓܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܝܪ
- Transliteration
- gyr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1085
ܗܘܦܟܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܦܟܝ
- Transliteration
- hwpky
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܢ
- Transliteration
- dmn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 259
ܩܕܝܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܕܝܡ
- Transliteration
- qdym
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 45
ܕܒܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dbyhwdywt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܝܬܝܪܐܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܬܝܪܐܝܬ
- Transliteration
- dytyr'yt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܪܕܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܕܦ
- Transliteration
- rdp
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 11
ܗܘܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܝܬ
- Transliteration
- hwyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 162
ܥܕܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܕܬܗ
- Transliteration
- 'dth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- d'lh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 586
ܘܚܪܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܪܒ
- Transliteration
- whrb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܗܘܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܝܬ
- Transliteration
- hwyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 162
ܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗ
- Transliteration
- lh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1592
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Audistis enim conversationem meam aliquando in Judaismo: quoniam supra modum persequebar Ecclesiam Dei, et expugnabam illam,
16 word entries
audistis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audio
- Transliteration
- audistis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1534
enim
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- enim
- Transliteration
- enim
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2392
conversationem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- conuersatio
- Transliteration
- conversationem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 27
meam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- meus
- Transliteration
- meam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4586
aliquando
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aliquando
- Transliteration
- aliquando
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 47
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
iudaismo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iudaismum
- Transliteration
- iudaismo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2
quoniam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quoniam
- Transliteration
- quoniam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1134
supra
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- supra
- Transliteration
- supra
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 176
modum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- modus
- Transliteration
- modum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 77
persequebar
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- persequor
- Transliteration
- persequebar
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 182
ecclesiam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ecclesia
- Transliteration
- ecclesiam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 163
Dei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Dei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
expugnabam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- expugno
- Transliteration
- expugnabam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 35
illam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
1 Corinthians 15:9
For I am the least of the apostles, who is not worthy to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the assembly of God.
6 relevance votesActs 8:3
But Saul ravaged the assembly, entering into every house and dragged both men and women off to prison.
6 relevance votes1 Timothy 1:13
although I used to be a blasphemer, a persecutor, and insolent. However, I obtained mercy because I did it ignorantly in unbelief.
4 relevance votesActs 9:21
All who heard him were amazed, and said, “Isn’t this he who in Jerusalem made havoc of those who called on this name? And he had come here intending to bring them bound before the chief priests!”
4 relevance votesActs 9:26
When Saul had come to Jerusalem, he tried to join himself to the disciples; but they were all afraid of him, not believing that he was a disciple.
4 relevance votesPhilippians 3:6
concerning zeal, persecuting the assembly; concerning the righteousness which is in the law, found blameless.
3 relevance votesActs 8:1
Saul was consenting to his death. A great persecution arose against the assembly which was in Jerusalem in that day. They were all scattered abroad throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, except for the apostles.
3 relevance votes