2 He made its horns on its four corners. Its horns were of one piece with it, and he overlaid it with bronze.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Exodus 38:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
50
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַיַּ֣עַשׂ קַרְנֹתָ֗יו עַ֚ל אַרְבַּ֣ע פִּנֹּתָ֔יו מִמֶּ֖נּוּ הָי֣וּ קַרְנֹתָ֑יו וַיְצַ֥ף אֹת֖וֹ נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃
11 word entries
וַיַּ֣עַשׂ
קַרְנֹתָ֗יו
עַ֚ל
פִּנֹּתָ֔יו
מִמֶּ֖נּוּ
הָי֣וּ
קַרְנֹתָ֑יו
וַיְצַ֥ף
אֹת֖וֹ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
καὶ κατεχρύσωσεν αὐτὴν χρωσίῳ καθαρῷ ἔσωθεν καὶ ἔξωθεν·
8 word entries
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
κατεχρύσωσεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- κατεχρύσωσεν
- Transliteration
- katechrysosen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
αὐτὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
χρωσίῳ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- χρωσίῳ
- Transliteration
- chrosio
- Morphology
- 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
- Gloss
- I ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
καθαρῷ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- καθαρῷ
- Transliteration
- kathar
- Morphology
- 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
- Gloss
- I ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 10
ἔσωθεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἔσωθεν
- Transliteration
- esothen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 25
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἔξωθεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἔξωθεν
- Transliteration
- exothen
- Morphology
- adverb
- Gloss
- from outside, outwardly
- Part of Speech
- adverb
- Definition
- From outside, outside, or outwardly.
- Occurrences
- 44
Targum Onkelos Torah
Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
וַעֲבַד קַרְנוֹהִי עַל אַרְבַּע זִוְיָתֵהּ מִנֵהּ הֲווֹ קַרְנוֹהִי וַחֲפָא יָתֵהּ נְחָשָׁא:
11 word entries
וַעֲבַד
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- עבד
- Transliteration
- w'bd
- Morphology
- prefixed conjunction ו + verbal or nominal root עבד
- Gloss
- and made, did, served
- Occurrences
- 321
קַרְנוֹהִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קרנוהי
- Transliteration
- qrnwhy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 10
עַל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- על
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, against, concerning
- Occurrences
- 1104
אַרְבַּע
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארבע
- Transliteration
- 'rb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 61
זִוְיָתֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- זויתה
- Transliteration
- zwyth
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 6
מִנֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מנה
- Transliteration
- mnh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 106
הֲווֹ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הוו
- Transliteration
- hww
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 91
קַרְנוֹהִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קרנוהי
- Transliteration
- qrnwhy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 10
וַחֲפָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חפא
- Transliteration
- wchp'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 19
יָתֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתה
- Transliteration
- yth
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 329
נְחָשָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נחשא
- Transliteration
- nchsh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 46
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܥܒ̣ܕ ܩܪ̈ܢܬܗ ܥܠ ܐܪ̈ܒܥ ܙܘܝ̈ܬܗ. ܡܢܗ ܗ̈ܘܝ ܩܪ̈ܢܬܗ. ܘܩܪܡܗ ܢܚܫܐ.
10 word entries
ܘܥܒ̣ܕ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- W<B#D
- Morphology
- W-<BD[
- Occurrences
- 0
ܩܪ̈ܢܬܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- QR"NTH
- Morphology
- QRN/T=-H
- Occurrences
- 0
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- <L
- Morphology
- <L
- Occurrences
- 0
ܐܪ̈ܒܥ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- >R"B<
- Morphology
- >RB</
- Occurrences
- 0
ܙܘܝ̈ܬܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- ZWJ"TH
- Morphology
- ZWJ/T=-H=
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡܢܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MNH
- Morphology
- MN-H
- Occurrences
- 0
ܗ̈ܘܝ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- H"WJ
- Morphology
- HWJ[(J=
- Occurrences
- 0
ܩܪ̈ܢܬܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- QR"NTH
- Morphology
- QRN/T=-H
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܩܪܡܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WQRMH
- Morphology
- W-QRM[-H
- Occurrences
- 0
ܢܚܫܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- NXC>
- Morphology
- NXC/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
cujus cornua de angulis procedebant, operuitque illum laminis æneis.
10 word entries
cuius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- cuius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
cornua
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cornu
- Transliteration
- cornua
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 97
de
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- de
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 4779
angulis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- angulus
- Transliteration
- angulis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 68
procedebant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- procedo
- Transliteration
- procedebant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 107
operuitque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- operio
- Transliteration
- operuitque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 191
{operuitque}
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- que
- Transliteration
- {operuitque}
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4392
illud
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illud
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
aeneis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aeneus
- Transliteration
- aeneis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 47
lamminis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lamina
- Transliteration
- lamminis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 25
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Exodus 27:2
You shall make its horns on its four corners. Its horns shall be of one piece with it. You shall overlay it with bronze.
2 relevance votesJob 6:12
Is my strength the strength of stones? Or is my flesh of bronze?
2 relevance votes