16 “Anyone who kidnaps someone and sells him, or if he is found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Exodus 21:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
44
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְגֹנֵ֨ב אִ֧ישׁ וּמְכָר֛וֹ וְנִמְצָ֥א בְיָד֖וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ ס
7 word entries
וְגֹנֵ֨ב
אִ֧ישׁ
וּמְכָר֛וֹ
וְנִמְצָ֥א
בְיָד֖וֹ
מ֥וֹת
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα αὐτοῦ ἢ μητέρα αὐτοῦ, τελευτήσει θανάτῳ.
9 word entries
Ὁ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
κακολογῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- κακολογῶν
- Transliteration
- kakologon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
πατέρα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πατήρ
- Transliteration
- pater
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- father
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Father or ancestor.
- Occurrences
- 1228
αὐτοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
ἢ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἤ
- Transliteration
- e
- Morphology
- disjunctive/comparative particle
- Gloss
- or, than
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Disjunctive or comparative particle.
- Occurrences
- 931
μητέρα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- μήτηρ
- Transliteration
- meter
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- mother
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Mother.
- Occurrences
- 216
αὐτοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
τελευτήσει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- τελευτήσει
- Transliteration
- teleytesei
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 18
θανάτῳ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- θάνατος
- Transliteration
- thanatos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- death
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Death.
- Occurrences
- 301
Targum Onkelos Torah
Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
וְדִיִגְנוּב נַפְשָׁא מִן בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיזַבְּנִנֵהּ וְיִשְׁתְּכַח בִּידֵהּ אִתְקְטָלָא יִתְקְטֵל:
10 word entries
וְדִיִגְנוּב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דיגנוב
- Transliteration
- wdygnwb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
נַפְשָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נפשא
- Transliteration
- npsh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 47
מִן
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מן
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- from, out of, than
- Occurrences
- 515
בְּנֵי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בר
- Transliteration
- bny
- Morphology
- noun plural construct
- Gloss
- sons, children of
- Occurrences
- 1211
יִשְׂרָאֵל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ישראל
- Transliteration
- yshr'l
- Morphology
- proper noun
- Gloss
- Israel
- Occurrences
- 609
וִיזַבְּנִנֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יזבננה
- Transliteration
- wyzbnnh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
וְיִשְׁתְּכַח
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ישתכח
- Transliteration
- wyshtkch
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 15
בִּידֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ידה
- Transliteration
- bydh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 78
אִתְקְטָלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתקטלא
- Transliteration
- 'tqtl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 27
יִתְקְטֵל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתקטל
- Transliteration
- ytqtl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 38
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܕܢܓܢܘܒ ܢܦܫܐ ܘܢܙܒܢܝܗ̇ ܘܬܫܬܟܚ ܒܐܝܕܗ ܡܬܩܛܠܘ ܢܬܩܛܠ.
7 word entries
ܕܢܓܢܘܒ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DNGNWB
- Morphology
- D-!N!GN&WB=[
- Occurrences
- 0
ܢܦܫܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- NPC>
- Morphology
- NPC/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܢܙܒܢܝܗ̇
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WNZBNJH^
- Morphology
- W-!N!ZBN=[&J-H=
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܬܫܬܟܚ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WTCTKX
- Morphology
- W-!T=!@(>(T&C@(C&TKX[
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܐܝܕܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- B>JDH
- Morphology
- B-&>JD/-H
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡܬܩܛܠܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MTQVLW
- Morphology
- !M!@(>T@QVL[/W
- Occurrences
- 0
ܢܬܩܛܠ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- NTQVL
- Morphology
- !N!@(>T@QVL[
- Occurrences
- 0
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Qui furatus fuerit hominem, et vendiderit eum, convictus noxæ, morte moriatur.
11 word entries
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
furatus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- furor
- Transliteration
- furatus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 233
fuerit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- fuerit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
hominem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- homo
- Transliteration
- hominem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1653
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
vendiderit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uendo
- Transliteration
- vendiderit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 118
eum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
convictus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- conuinco
- Transliteration
- convictus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 3
noxae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- noxa
- Transliteration
- noxae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 3
morte
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mors
- Transliteration
- morte
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 408
moriatur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- morior
- Transliteration
- moriatur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 600
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Deuteronomy 24:7
If a man is found stealing any of his brothers of the children of Israel, and he deals with him as a slave, or sells him, then that thief shall die. So you shall remove the evil from among you.
10 relevance votes1 Timothy 1:10
for the sexually immoral, for homosexuals, for slave-traders, for liars, for perjurers, and for any other thing contrary to the sound doctrine,
7 relevance votesGenesis 37:28
Midianites who were merchants passed by, and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver. The merchants brought Joseph into Egypt.
4 relevance votesExodus 22:4
If the stolen property is found in his hand alive, whether it is ox, donkey, or sheep, he shall pay double.
4 relevance votesGenesis 40:15
For indeed, I was stolen away out of the land of the Hebrews, and here also I have done nothing that they should put me into the dungeon.”
3 relevance votesRevelation 18:12
merchandise of gold, silver, precious stones, pearls, fine linen, purple, silk, scarlet, all expensive wood, every vessel of ivory, every vessel made of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble;
0 relevance votes