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World English Bible

Exodus 12

World English Bible, Verse 2

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² “This month shall be to you the beginning of months. It shall be the first month of the year to you.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Exodus 12:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 56

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

הַחֹ֧דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם רֹ֣אשׁ חֳדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁ֥וֹן הוּא֙ לָכֶ֔ם לְחָדְשֵׁ֖י הַשָּׁנָֽה׃

10 word entries

הַחֹ֧דֶשׁ

Lemma: d/2320
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H2320
Occurrences: 20

הַזֶּ֛ה

Lemma: d/2088
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + pronoun
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H2088
Occurrences: 699

לָכֶ֖ם

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

רֹ֣אשׁ

Lemma: 7218 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7218
Occurrences: 387

חֳדָשִׁ֑ים

Lemma: 2320
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2320
Occurrences: 80

רִאשׁ֥וֹן

Lemma: 7223
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H7223
Occurrences: 25

הוּא֙

Lemma: 1931
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H1931
Occurrences: 1188

לָכֶ֔ם

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

לְחָדְשֵׁ֖י

Lemma: l/2320
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H2320
Occurrences: 104

הַשָּׁנָֽה

Lemma: d/8141
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H8141
Occurrences: 34

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

ὁ μὴν οὗτος ὑμῖν ἀρχὴ μηνῶν· πρῶτός ἐστιν ὑμῖν ἐν τοῖς μησὶ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ.

14 word entries

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

μὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μήν
Transliteration: men
Morphology: emphatic particle
Gloss: surely, indeed
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Emphatic particle meaning surely or indeed.
Occurrences: 274

οὗτος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

ὑμῖν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

ἀρχὴ

Status: Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
Note: Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Lemma: ἀρχὴ
Transliteration: arche
Morphology: noun
Gloss: beginning
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Beginning, origin, ruler, or authority.
Strong's: G746
Occurrences: 51

μηνῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μηνῶν
Transliteration: menon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

πρῶτός

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: πρῶτός
Transliteration: protos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἐστιν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: estin
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it is
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

ὑμῖν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

τοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

μησὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: μησὶ
Transliteration: mesi
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἐνιαυτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐνιαυτοῦ
Transliteration: eniaytoy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 37

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

יַרְחָא הָדֵין לְכוֹן רֵישׁ יַרְחִין קַדְמַאי הוּא לְכוֹן לְיַרְחֵי שַׁתָּא:

10 word entries

יַרְחָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ירחא
Transliteration: yrch'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 73

הָדֵין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הדין
Transliteration: hdyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 206

לְכוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כון
Transliteration: lkwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 272

רֵישׁ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ריש
Transliteration: rysh
Morphology: noun masculine singular
Gloss: head, chief, beginning
Occurrences: 128

יַרְחִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ירחין
Transliteration: yrchyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

קַדְמַאי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדמאי
Transliteration: qdm'y
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 11

הוּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוא
Transliteration: hw'
Morphology: personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: he, it
Occurrences: 372

לְכוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כון
Transliteration: lkwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 272

לְיַרְחֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ירחי
Transliteration: lyrchy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

שַׁתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שתא
Transliteration: sht'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 110

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܝܪܚܐ ܗܢܐ ܢܗܘܐ ܠܟܘܢ ܪܝܫ ܝܪ̈ܚܐ. ܩܕܡ̣ܝ ܢܗܘܐ ܠܟܘܢ ܠܟܠܗܘܢ ܝܪ̈ܚܐ ܕܫܢܬܐ.

12 word entries

ܝܪܚܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: JRX>
Morphology: JRX/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܗܢܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: HN>
Morphology: HN>
Occurrences: 0

ܢܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: NHW>
Morphology: !N!HW(J&>[
Occurrences: 0

ܠܟܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LKWN
Morphology: L-KWN
Occurrences: 0

ܪܝܫ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: RJC
Morphology: RJC/
Occurrences: 0

ܝܪ̈ܚܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: JR"X>
Morphology: JRX/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܩܕܡ̣ܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: QDM#J
Morphology: QDM/J-(J
Occurrences: 0

ܢܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: NHW>
Morphology: !N!HW(J&>[
Occurrences: 0

ܠܟܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LKWN
Morphology: L-KWN
Occurrences: 0

ܠܟܠܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LKLHWN
Morphology: L-KL/-HWN
Occurrences: 0

ܝܪ̈ܚܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: JR"X>
Morphology: JRX/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܫܢܬܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DCNT>
Morphology: D-CN(>/T~>
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Mensis iste, vobis principium mensium: primus erit in mensibus anni.

10 word entries

mensis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mensis
Transliteration: mensis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 302

iste

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iste
Transliteration: iste
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 877

vobis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uos
Transliteration: vobis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 2958

principium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: principium
Transliteration: principium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: beginning
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: beginning, origin, foundation, principle
Etymology: From Latin princeps/principium language of firstness, beginning, or foundation.
Occurrences: 65

mensuum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mensus
Transliteration: mensuum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 6

primus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: primus
Transliteration: primus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 238

erit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: erit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

mensibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mensis
Transliteration: mensibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 302

anni

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: annus
Transliteration: anni
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 831

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Exodus 12

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Ranked cross references

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Deuteronomy 16:1

Exodus 34:18

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Leviticus 23:5

Numbers 28:16

Esther 3:7