4 Esther’s maidens and her eunuchs came and told her this, and the queen was exceedingly grieved. She sent clothing to Mordecai, to replace his sackcloth, but he didn’t receive it.
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Esther 4:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַ֠תָּבוֹאינָה נַעֲר֨וֹת אֶסְתֵּ֤ר וְסָרִיסֶ֙יהָ֙ וַיַּגִּ֣ידוּ לָ֔הּ וַתִּתְחַלְחַ֥ל הַמַּלְכָּ֖ה מְאֹ֑ד וַתִּשְׁלַ֨ח בְּגָדִ֜ים לְהַלְבִּ֣ישׁ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַ֗י וּלְהָסִ֥יר שַׂקּ֛וֹ מֵעָלָ֖יו וְלֹ֥א קִבֵּֽל׃
וַ֠תָּבוֹאינָה
נַעֲר֨וֹת
וְסָרִיסֶ֨יהָ֙
וַיַּגִּ֣ידוּ
לָ֔הּ
- Lemma
- l
- Morphology
- Hebrew: preposition + suffix
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Occurrences
- 4413
וַתִּתְחַלְחַ֥ל
הַמַּלְכָּ֖ה
וַתִּשְׁלַ֨ח
בְּגָדִ֜ים
לְהַלְבִּ֣ישׁ
אֶֽת
וּלְהָסִ֥יר
שַׂקּ֛וֹ
מֵעָלָ֖יו
וְלֹ֥א
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܥܠܘ ܡܗ̈ܝܡܢܝܗ̇ ܘܐ̇ܡܗܬܗ̇ ܕܐܣܬܝܪ ܘܚܘܝܘܗ̇. ܘܐܬܬܙ̣ܝܥܬ ܡ̇ܠܟܐ ܛܒ. ܘܫܕ̣ܪܬ ܡܐ̈ܢܐ ܠܡܠܒܫܘܬܗ ܠܡܘܪܕܟܝ. ܘܠܡܫܠܚ̇ܘ ܣܩܐ ܡܢܗ܆ ܘܠܐ ܩ̇ܒܠ.
ܘܥܠܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܥܠܘ
- Transliteration
- w'lw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 35
ܡܗ̈ܝܡܢܝܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܗܝܡܢܝܗ
- Transliteration
- mhymnyh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܐ̇ܡܗܬܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܡܗܬܗ
- Transliteration
- w'mhth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܐܣܬܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܣܬܝܪ
- Transliteration
- d'styr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 6
ܘܚܘܝܘܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܘܝܘܗ
- Transliteration
- whwywh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܐܬܬܙ̣ܝܥܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܬܬܙܝܥܬ
- Transliteration
- w'ttzy't
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4
ܡ̇ܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܟܐ
- Transliteration
- malka
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- king
- Occurrences
- 1870
ܛܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܛܒ
- Transliteration
- tb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 279
ܘܫܕ̣ܪܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܕܪܬ
- Transliteration
- wshdrt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 28
ܡܐ̈ܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܐܢܐ
- Transliteration
- m'n'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 123
ܠܡܠܒܫܘܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܠܒܫܘܬܗ
- Transliteration
- lmlbshwth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܡܘܪܕܟܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܘܪܕܟܝ
- Transliteration
- lmwrdky
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 16
ܘܠܡܫܠܚ̇ܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܡܫܠܚܘ
- Transliteration
- wlmshlhw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܣܩܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܩܐ
- Transliteration
- sq'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 41
ܡܢܗ܆
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢܗ
- Transliteration
- mnh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 240
ܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1993
ܩ̇ܒܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܒܠ
- Transliteration
- qbl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 21
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וְעָלָן עוּלֵימָן דְאֶסְתֵּר וְרַבָּנָהָא וְחַוִיאוּ לָהּ וְאִזְדַעְזְעַת מַלְכְּתָא לַחֲדָא וְשַׁדַרַת לְבוּשֵׁי מַלְכוּתָא לְמִלְבַּשׁ יַת מָרְדְכַי וּלְמַעֲדֵי יַת שַׂקֵיהּ מֵעִלַוֵיהּ וְלָא קַבֵּל׃
וְעָלָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עלן
- Transliteration
- w'ln
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 7
עוּלֵימָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עולימן
- Transliteration
- 'wlymn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 5
דְאֶסְתֵּר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אסתר
- Transliteration
- d'str
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 80
וְרַבָּנָהָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רבנהא
- Transliteration
- wrbnh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
וְחַוִיאוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חויאו
- Transliteration
- wchwy'w
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 37
לָהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לה
- Transliteration
- lh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 260
וְאִזְדַעְזְעַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אזדעזעת
- Transliteration
- w'zd'z't
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
מַלְכְּתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לכתא
- Transliteration
- mlkt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 34
לַחֲדָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חדא
- Transliteration
- lchd'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 562
וְשַׁדַרַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שדרת
- Transliteration
- wshdrt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
לְבוּשֵׁי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בושי
- Transliteration
- lbwshy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 24
מַלְכוּתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לכותא
- Transliteration
- mlkwt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 173
לְמִלְבַּשׁ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מלבש
- Transliteration
- lmlbsh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 5
יַת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 4303
מָרְדְכַי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רדכי
- Transliteration
- mrdky
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 55
וּלְמַעֲדֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- למעדי
- Transliteration
- wlm'dy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 6
יַת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 4303
שַׂקֵיהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שקיה
- Transliteration
- shqyh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
מֵעִלַוֵיהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עלויה
- Transliteration
- m'lwyh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 6
וְלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ולא
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1587
קַבֵּל׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קבל
- Transliteration
- qbl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 152
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Ingressæ autem sunt puellæ Esther et eunuchi, nuntiaveruntque ei. Quod audiens consternata est, et vestem misit, ut ablato sacco induerent eum: quam accipere noluit.
ingressae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ingredior
- Transliteration
- ingressae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 561
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
puellae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- puella
- Transliteration
- puellae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 72
Hester
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Hester
- Transliteration
- Hester
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 32
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
eunuchi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- eunuchus
- Transliteration
- eunuchi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 52
nuntiaveruntque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nuntio
- Transliteration
- nuntiaveruntque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 184
{nuntiaveruntque}
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- que
- Transliteration
- {nuntiaveruntque}
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4392
ei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- ei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
quod
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quod
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 15011
audiens
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audio
- Transliteration
- audiens
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1534
consternata
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- consterno
- Transliteration
- consternata
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 9
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
misit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mitto
- Transliteration
- misit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1165
vestem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uestis
- Transliteration
- vestem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 128
ut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ut
- Transliteration
- ut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4533
ablato
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aufero
- Transliteration
- ablato
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 324
sacco
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- saccus
- Transliteration
- sacco
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 43
induerent
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- induo
- Transliteration
- induerent
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 124
eum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
quam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
accipere
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- accipio
- Transliteration
- accipere
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 632
noluit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nolo
- Transliteration
- noluit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 620
These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.
-
Greek LXX
alternate tradition
The current Greek Brenton source archive does not expose this as the same canonical book. Related Greek Esther/Ezra traditions are tracked under separate or alternate structures where available.
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Psalms 77:2
In the day of my trouble I sought the Lord. My hand was stretched out in the night, and didn’t get tired. My soul refused to be comforted.
6 relevance votesEsther 1:12
But the queen Vashti refused to come at the king’s commandment by the eunuchs. Therefore the king was very angry, and his anger burned in him.
4 relevance votesGenesis 37:35
All his sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him, but he refused to be comforted. He said, “For I will go down to Sheol to my son, mourning.” His father wept for him.
4 relevance votesIsaiah 56:3
Let no foreigner who has joined himself to Yahweh speak, saying, “Yahweh will surely separate me from his people.” Do not let the eunuch say, “Behold, I am a dry tree.”
4 relevance votes1 Samuel 8:15
He will take one tenth of your seed and of your vineyards, and give it to his officers and to his servants.
4 relevance votes2 Kings 9:32
He lifted up his face to the window, and said, “Who is on my side? Who?” Two or three eunuchs looked out at him.
4 relevance votesJeremiah 31:15
Yahweh says: “A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children. She refuses to be comforted for her children, because they are no more.”
4 relevance votesActs 8:27
He arose and went; and behold, there was a man of Ethiopia, a eunuch of great authority under Candace, queen of the Ethiopians, who was over all her treasure, who had come to Jerusalem to worship.
3 relevance votes