23 When this matter was investigated, and it was found to be so, they were both hanged on a gallows; and it was written in the book of the chronicles in the king’s presence.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Esther 2:23. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
58
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַיְבֻקַּ֤שׁ הַדָּבָר֙ וַיִּמָּצֵ֔א וַיִּתָּל֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־עֵ֑ץ וַיִּכָּתֵ֗ב בְּסֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ פ
13 word entries
וַיְבֻקַּ֤שׁ
הַדָּבָר֙
וַיִּמָּצֵ֔א
וַיִּתָּל֥וּ
שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם
עַל
עֵ֑ץ
וַיִּכָּתֵ֗ב
בְּסֵ֛פֶר
דִּבְרֵ֥י
הַיָּמִ֖ים
לִפְנֵ֥י
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܐܬܥܩ̣ܒܬ ܡܠܬܐ ܘܐܫܬܟ̣ܚܬ. ܘܐܙܕܩܦܘ ܬܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ ܥܠ ܙܩ̈ܝܦܐ. ܘܐܬܟܬܒ ܒܣܦܪ ܝܘܡ̈ܬܐ ܩܕܡ ܡ̇ܠܟܐ.
12 word entries
ܘܐܬܥܩ̣ܒܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܬܥܩܒܬ
- Transliteration
- w't'qbt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- meltha
- Morphology
- noun, feminine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- word, matter
- Occurrences
- 116
ܘܐܫܬܟ̣ܚܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܫܬܟܚܬ
- Transliteration
- w'shtkht
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܐܙܕܩܦܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܙܕܩܦܘ
- Transliteration
- w'zdqpw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܬܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܪܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- tryhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 63
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3346
ܙܩ̈ܝܦܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܙܩܝܦܐ
- Transliteration
- zqyp'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܐܬܟܬܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܬܟܬܒ
- Transliteration
- w'tktb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
ܒܣܦܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܣܦܪ
- Transliteration
- bspr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 41
ܝܘܡ̈ܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܘܡܬܐ
- Transliteration
- ywmt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 227
ܩܕܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܕܡ
- Transliteration
- qdm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1019
ܡ̇ܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܟܐ
- Transliteration
- malka
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- king
- Occurrences
- 1870
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וְאִתְבַּע פִּתְגָמָא וְאִשְׁתַּכַּח קְשׁוֹט וְאִצְטְלִיבוּ תַרְוֵיהוֹן עַל קֵיסָא וְאִתְכְּתִיב בְּסִפְרָא דָכְרָנַיָא דְמִתְקְרִי תְדִירָא קֳדָם מַלְכָּא׃
15 word entries
וְאִתְבַּע
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתבע
- Transliteration
- w'tb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 17
פִּתְגָמָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פתגמא
- Transliteration
- ptgm'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 356
וְאִשְׁתַּכַּח
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אשתכח
- Transliteration
- w'shtkch
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 42
קְשׁוֹט
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קשוט
- Transliteration
- qshwt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 113
וְאִצְטְלִיבוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אצטליבו
- Transliteration
- w'tstlybw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
תַרְוֵיהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תרויהון
- Transliteration
- trwyhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 35
עַל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- על
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, against, concerning
- Occurrences
- 3568
קֵיסָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קיסא
- Transliteration
- qys'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 17
וְאִתְכְּתִיב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתכתיב
- Transliteration
- w'tktyb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 6
בְּסִפְרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ספרא
- Transliteration
- bspr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 102
דָכְרָנַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כרניא
- Transliteration
- dkrny'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 10
דְמִתְקְרִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מתקרי
- Transliteration
- dmtqry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 13
תְדִירָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תדירא
- Transliteration
- tdyr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 69
קֳדָם
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- קדם
- Transliteration
- qdm
- Morphology
- prepositional or nominal form
- Gloss
- before, in front of, east
- Occurrences
- 2023
מַלְכָּא׃
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מלך
- Transliteration
- mlk'
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- from king
- Occurrences
- 2509
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Quæsitum est, et inventum: et appensus est uterque eorum in patibulo. Mandatumque est historiis, et annalibus traditum coram rege.
18 word entries
quaesitum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quaero
- Transliteration
- quaesitum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 420
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
inventum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuenio
- Transliteration
- inventum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 682
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
adpensus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- appensus
- Transliteration
- adpensus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 3
uterque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uterque
- Transliteration
- uterque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 138
eorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
patibulo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- patibulum
- Transliteration
- patibulo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 9
mandatumque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mando
- Transliteration
- mandatumque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 118
{mandatumque}
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- que
- Transliteration
- {mandatumque}
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4392
historiis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- historia
- Transliteration
- historiis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
annalibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- annalis
- Transliteration
- annalibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2
traditum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- trado
- Transliteration
- traditum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 513
coram
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- coram
- Transliteration
- coram
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 710
rege
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- rege
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.
-
Greek LXX
alternate tradition
The current Greek Brenton source archive does not expose this as the same canonical book. Related Greek Esther/Ezra traditions are tracked under separate or alternate structures where available.
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Esther 10:2
Aren’t all the acts of his power and of his might, and the full account of the greatness of Mordecai, to which the king advanced him, written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Media and Persia?
3 relevance votesGenesis 40:19
Within three more days, Pharaoh will lift up your head from off you, and will hang you on a tree; and the birds will eat your flesh from off you.”
3 relevance votesGenesis 40:22
but he hanged the chief baker, as Joseph had interpreted to them.
3 relevance votesJoshua 8:29
He hanged the king of Ai on a tree until the evening. At sundown, Joshua commanded, and they took his body down from the tree and threw it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and raised a great heap of stones on it that remains to this day.
2 relevance votesMalachi 3:16
Then those who feared Yahweh spoke one with another; and Yahweh listened and heard, and a book of memory was written before him for those who feared Yahweh and who honored his name.
2 relevance votesEsther 7:10
So they hanged Haman on the gallows that he had prepared for Mordecai. Then the king’s wrath was pacified.
2 relevance votes