Ecclesiastes 4

World English Bible, Verse 6

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⁶ Better is a handful, with quietness, than two handfuls with labor and chasing after wind.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ecclesiastes 4:6. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 68

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

ט֕וֹב מְלֹ֥א כַ֖ף נָ֑חַת מִמְּלֹ֥א חָפְנַ֛יִם עָמָ֖ל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃

9 word entries

ט֕וֹב

Lemma: 2896 a
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H2896
Occurrences: 278

מְלֹ֥א

Lemma: 4393
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4393
Occurrences: 18

כַ֖ף

Lemma: 3709
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3709
Occurrences: 120

נָ֑חַת

Lemma: 5183 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5183
Occurrences: 4

מִמְּלֹ֥א

Lemma: m/4393
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4393
Occurrences: 3

חָפְנַ֛יִם

Lemma: 2651
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine dual absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2651
Occurrences: 5

עָמָ֖ל

Lemma: 5999
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5999
Occurrences: 35

וּרְע֥וּת

Lemma: c/7469
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7469
Occurrences: 7

רֽוּחַ

Lemma: 7307
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7307
Occurrences: 271

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἀγαθὸν πλήρωμα δρακὸς ἀναπαύσεως ὑπὲρ πληρώματα δύο δρακῶν μόχθου καὶ προαιρέσεως πνεύματος.

12 word entries

Ἀγαθὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀγαθός
Transliteration: agathon
Morphology: adjective, accusative masculine singular or nominative/accusative neuter singular
Gloss: good
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: Good, beneficial, noble, or upright.
Occurrences: 290

πλήρωμα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πλήρωμα
Transliteration: pleroma
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

δρακὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: δρακὸς
Transliteration: drakos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἀναπαύσεως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀναπαύσεως
Transliteration: anapayseos
Morphology: adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
Gloss: ...ly / having ...
Part of Speech: adverb/participle form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

ὑπὲρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὑπέρ
Transliteration: hyper
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: over, above, on behalf of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition used with genitive or accusative.
Occurrences: 395

πληρώματα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πληρώματα
Transliteration: pleromata
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

δύο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δύο
Transliteration: duo
Morphology: numeral, indeclinable or irregular
Gloss: two
Part of Speech: numeral
Definition: The numeral two.
Occurrences: 520

δρακῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: δρακῶν
Transliteration: drakon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

μόχθου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: μόχθου
Transliteration: mochthoy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

προαιρέσεως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: προαιρέσεως
Transliteration: proaireseos
Morphology: adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
Gloss: ...ly / having ...
Part of Speech: adverb/participle form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

πνεύματος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πνεύματος
Transliteration: pneymatos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 38

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܛܒ ܡܠܐ ܫܘܥܠܐ ܢܝܚܐ ܡܢ ܡܠܐ ܚ̈ܘܦܢܐ ܥܡܠܐ ܘܛܘܪܦܐ ܕܪܘܚܐ

10 word entries

ܛܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܒ
Transliteration: tb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 279

ܡܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܠܐ
Transliteration: ml'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 159

ܫܘܥܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܘܥܠܐ
Transliteration: shw'l'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 3

ܢܝܚܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܝܚܐ
Transliteration: nyh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 15

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܡܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܠܐ
Transliteration: ml'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 159

ܚ̈ܘܦܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܘܦܢܐ
Transliteration: hwpn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 1

ܥܡܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡܠܐ
Transliteration: 'ml'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 16

ܘܛܘܪܦܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܛܘܪܦܐ
Transliteration: wtwrp'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 8

ܕܪܘܚܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܪܘܚܐ
Transliteration: drwh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 24

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

טָב לִגְבַר מְלֵי חָפְנֵי מֵיכְלָא בַּהֲנָיַת נְפַשׁ וּבְלָא גְזֵילָא וַחֲטוֹפִין מִן תְּרֵין חָפְנִין מָלְיָן מֵיכְלָא בְּגְזֵילָא וַחֲטוֹפִין וַעֲתִיד לְשַׁלָּמָה בְּדִינָא בְּטוֹרְחָא וּבִתְבִירוּת רוּחָא׃

23 word entries

טָב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טב
Transliteration: tb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 212

לִגְבַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גבר
Transliteration: lgbr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 627

מְלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מלי
Transliteration: mly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 102

חָפְנֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חפני
Transliteration: chpny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

מֵיכְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יכלא
Transliteration: mykl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 25

בַּהֲנָיַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הנית
Transliteration: bhnyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 4

נְפַשׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נפש
Transliteration: npsh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 43

וּבְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בלא
Transliteration: wbl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 40

גְזֵילָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גזילא
Transliteration: gzyl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 9

וַחֲטוֹפִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חטופין
Transliteration: wchtwpyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 26

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

תְּרֵין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תרין
Transliteration: tryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 213

חָפְנִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חפנין
Transliteration: chpnyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

מָלְיָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לין
Transliteration: mlyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 41

מֵיכְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יכלא
Transliteration: mykl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 25

בְּגְזֵילָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גזילא
Transliteration: bgzyl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 9

וַחֲטוֹפִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חטופין
Transliteration: wchtwpyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 26

וַעֲתִיד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עתיד
Transliteration: w'tyd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 130

לְשַׁלָּמָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שלמה
Transliteration: lshlmh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 328

בְּדִינָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דינא
Transliteration: bdyn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 66

בְּטוֹרְחָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טורחא
Transliteration: btwrch'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 4

וּבִתְבִירוּת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בתבירות
Transliteration: wbtbyrwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

רוּחָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רוחא
Transliteration: rwch'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 101

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Melior est pugillus cum requie, quam plena utraque manus cum labore et afflictione animi.

14 word entries

melior

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: bonus
Transliteration: melior
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 847

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

pugillus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pugillus
Transliteration: pugillus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 9

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 5272

requie

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: requies
Transliteration: requie
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 91

quam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quam
Transliteration: quam
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 426

plena

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: plenus
Transliteration: plena
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 185

utraque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uterque
Transliteration: utraque
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 138

manus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: manus
Transliteration: manus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1822

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 5272

labore

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: labor
Transliteration: labore
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 129

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

adflictione

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: afflictio
Transliteration: adflictione
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 67

animi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: animus
Transliteration: animi
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 109

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Ecclesiastes 4

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Ranked cross references

Proverbs 16:8

Psalms 37:16

Proverbs 17:1