19 But when the Jews spoke against it, I was constrained to appeal to Caesar, not that I had anything about which to accuse my nation.
Jump to another chapter in Acts
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Acts 28:19. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
61
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ἀντιλεγόντων δὲ τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ἠναγκάσθην ἐπικαλέσασθαι Καίσαρα, οὐχ ὡς τοῦ ἔθνους μου ἔχων τι κατηγορῆσαι.
15 word entries
Ἀντιλεγόντων
- Lemma
- antilegontwn
- Transliteration
- antilegontwn
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle genitive plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G483
- Occurrences
- 1
δὲ
τῶν
Ἰουδαίων
ἠναγκάσθην
- Lemma
- hnagkasqhn
- Transliteration
- hnagkasqhn
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist passive indicative singular
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G315
- Occurrences
- 1
ἐπικαλέσασθαι
- Lemma
- epikalesasqai
- Transliteration
- epikalesasqai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist middle infinitive
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1941
- Occurrences
- 1
Καίσαρα
οὐχ
ὡς
τοῦ
ἔθνους
μου
ἔχων
τι
κατηγορῆσαι
- Lemma
- kathgorhsai
- Transliteration
- kathgorhsai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist active infinitive
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2723
- Occurrences
- 1
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ἀντιλεγόντων δὲ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἠναγκάσθην ἐπικαλέσασθαι Καίσαρα, οὐχ ὡς τοῦ ἔθνους μου ἔχων τι κατηγορεῖν.
15 word entries
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܟܕ ܩܝܡܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܘܩܒܠܝ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܐܬܐܠܨܬ ܕܐܩܥܐ ܒܓܢ ܩܣܪ ܠܐ ܐܝܟ ܐܝܬ ܠܝ ܕܐܩܛܪܓ ܒܡܕܡ ܠܒܢܝ ܥܡܝ
17 word entries
ܘܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܟܕ
- Transliteration
- wkd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 429
ܩܝܡܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܝܡܝܢ
- Transliteration
- qymyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 34
ܗܘܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܘ
- Transliteration
- hww
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 815
ܠܘܩܒܠܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܘܩܒܠܝ
- Transliteration
- lwqbly
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Transliteration
- yhwdy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 124
ܐܬܐܠܨܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܬܐܠܨܬ
- Transliteration
- 't'lst
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܐܩܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܩܥܐ
- Transliteration
- d'q''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܓܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܓܢ
- Transliteration
- bgn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܩܣܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܣܪ
- Transliteration
- qsr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 12
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܠܐ
- Transliteration
- la
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 1681
ܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- 'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 681
ܐܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܬ
- Transliteration
- 'yt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 330
ܠܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܝ
- Transliteration
- ly
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 440
ܕܐܩܛܪܓ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܩܛܪܓ
- Transliteration
- d'qtrg
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܡܕܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܡܕܡ
- Transliteration
- bmdm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 12
ܠܒܢܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܒܢܝ
- Transliteration
- lbny
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 16
ܥܡܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܡܝ
- Transliteration
- 'my
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 52
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Contradicentibus autem Judæis, coactus sum appellare Cæsarem, non quasi gentem meam habens aliquid accusare.
14 word entries
contradicentibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- contradico
- Transliteration
- contradicentibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 37
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
Iudaeis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iudaei
- Transliteration
- Iudaeis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 362
coactus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cogo
- Transliteration
- coactus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 31
sum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
appellare
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- appello
- Transliteration
- appellare
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 71
Caesarem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Caesar
- Transliteration
- Caesarem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 29
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
quasi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quasi
- Transliteration
- quasi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 989
gentem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gens
- Transliteration
- gentem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 873
meam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- meus
- Transliteration
- meam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4586
habens
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- habeo
- Transliteration
- habens
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1641
aliquid
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aliquis
- Transliteration
- aliquid
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 198
accusare
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- accuso
- Transliteration
- accusare
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 39
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Acts 26:32
Agrippa said to Festus, “This man might have been set free if he had not appealed to Caesar.”
4 relevance votesActs 25:21
But when Paul had appealed to be kept for the decision of the emperor, I commanded him to be kept until I could send him to Caesar.”
3 relevance votesActs 25:25
But when I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death, and as he himself appealed to the emperor, I determined to send him,
3 relevance votes