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World English Bible

2 Samuel 15

World English Bible, Verse 13

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¹³ A messenger came to David, saying, “The hearts of the men of Israel are after Absalom.”

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Samuel 15:13. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 59

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיָּבֹא֙ הַמַּגִּ֔יד אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד לֵאמֹ֑ר הָיָ֛ה לֶב־אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אַחֲרֵ֥י אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃

11 word entries

וַיָּבֹא֙

Lemma: c/935
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H935
Occurrences: 984

הַמַּגִּ֔יד

Lemma: d/5046
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + verb hiphil participle active
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H5046
Occurrences: 6

אֶל

Lemma: 413
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 5170

דָּוִ֖ד

Lemma: 1732
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1732
Occurrences: 847

לֵאמֹ֑ר

Lemma: l/559
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H559
Occurrences: 936

הָיָ֛ה

Lemma: 1961
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1660

לֶב

Lemma: 3820 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3820
Occurrences: 463

אִ֥ישׁ

Lemma: 376
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H376
Occurrences: 1458

יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל

Lemma: 3478
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3478
Occurrences: 2260

אַחֲרֵ֥י

Lemma: 310 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H310
Occurrences: 539

אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם

Lemma: 53
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H53
Occurrences: 88

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ παρεγένετο ἀπαγγέλων πρὸς Δαυὶδ, λέγων, ἐγενήθη ἡ καρδία ἀνδρῶν Ἰσραὴλ ὀπίσω Ἀβεσσαλώμ.

13 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

παρεγένετο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: παρεγένετο
Transliteration: paregeneto
Morphology: verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 27

ἀπαγγέλων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀπαγγέλων
Transliteration: apaggelon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

πρὸς

Status: Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
Note: Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Lemma: πρὸς
Transliteration: pros
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with/toward
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: with/toward
Strong's: G4314
Occurrences: 3989

Δαυὶδ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Δαυίδ
Transliteration: David
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: David
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: David.
Occurrences: 1047

λέγων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λέγω
Transliteration: legon
Morphology: participle, present active masculine nominative singular
Gloss: saying
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: To say or speak.
Occurrences: 5490

ἐγενήθη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γίνομαι
Transliteration: egenethe
Morphology: verb, aorist passive/deponent indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it became, happened
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To become, happen, come to be, or be made.
Occurrences: 1418

ἡ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

καρδία

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καρδία
Transliteration: kardia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: heart
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Heart, inner life, mind, or will.
Occurrences: 867

ἀνδρῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνήρ
Transliteration: andron
Morphology: noun, masculine genitive plural
Gloss: of men
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Man, male, husband.
Occurrences: 1573

Ἰσραὴλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰσραήλ
Transliteration: Israel
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Israel
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
Occurrences: 2695

ὀπίσω

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὀπίσω
Transliteration: opiso
Morphology: adverb/preposition
Gloss: behind, after
Part of Speech: adverb/preposition
Definition: Behind, after, or following.
Occurrences: 347

Ἀβεσσαλώμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἀβεσσαλώμ
Transliteration: abessalom
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἀβεσσαλώμ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Absalom.
Occurrences: 113

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܐܬܐ ܡܣܒܪܢܐ ܠܘܬ ܕܘܝܕ ܘܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܐܫܬܘܝ ܠܒܗܘܢ ܕܒ̈ܢܝ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܒܬܪ ܐܒܫܠܘܡ

12 word entries

ܘܐܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܬܐ
Transliteration: w't'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 171

ܡܣܒܪܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܣܒܪܢܐ
Transliteration: msbrn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 4

ܠܘܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܘܬ
Transliteration: lwt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 548

ܕܘܝܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܘܝܕ
Transliteration: dwyd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 617

ܘܐܡܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܡܪ
Transliteration: w'mr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1697

ܠܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗ
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2252

ܐܫܬܘܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܫܬܘܝ
Transliteration: 'shtwy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5

ܠܒܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܗܘܢ
Transliteration: lbhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 52

ܕܒ̈ܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܒܢܝ
Transliteration: dbny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 231

ܐܝܣܪܝܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܣܪܝܠ
Transliteration: 'ysryl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 809

ܒܬܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܬܪ
Transliteration: btr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 301

ܐܒܫܠܘܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܒܫܠܘܡ
Transliteration: 'bshlwm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 65

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וַאֲתָא דִמְחַוֵי לְוַת דָוִד לְמֵימָר אִתְפְנֵי לִבָּא דֶאֱנָשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּתַר אַבְשָׁלוֹם׃

11 word entries

וַאֲתָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אתא
Transliteration: w't'
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root אתא
Gloss: and came
Occurrences: 341

דִמְחַוֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מחוי
Transliteration: dmchwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 11

לְוַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לות
Transliteration: lwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 430

דָוִד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דוד
Transliteration: dwd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1106

לְמֵימָר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אמר
Transliteration: lmymr
Morphology: prefixed preposition ל + speech root/form
Gloss: to/for to say, saying
Occurrences: 3728

אִתְפְנֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתפני
Transliteration: 'tpny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 24

לִבָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לבא
Transliteration: lb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 168

דֶאֱנָשׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אנש
Transliteration: d'nsh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 341

יִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 2312

בָּתַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בתר
Transliteration: btr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 428

אַבְשָׁלוֹם׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אבשלום
Transliteration: 'bshlwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 109

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Venit igitur nuntius ad David, dicens: Toto corde universus Israël sequitur Absalom.

12 word entries

venit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uenio
Transliteration: venit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 2233

igitur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: igitur
Transliteration: igitur
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 420

nuntius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nuntius
Transliteration: nuntius
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 134

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

David

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Dauid
Transliteration: David
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 1095

dicens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dicens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

toto

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: totus
Transliteration: toto
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 276

corde

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cor
Transliteration: corde
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1028

universus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uniuersus
Transliteration: universus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 889

Israhel

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Israel
Transliteration: Israhel
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 2547

sequitur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sequor
Transliteration: sequitur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 281

Absalom

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Absalus
Transliteration: Absalom
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 78

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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2 Samuel 15

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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Matthew 27:22

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Psalms 62:9

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