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World English Bible

2 Samuel 15

World English Bible, Verse 1

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¹ After this, Absalom prepared a chariot and horses for himself, and fifty men to run before him.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Samuel 15:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 68

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַֽיְהִי֙ מֵאַ֣חֲרֵי כֵ֔ן וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לוֹ֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם מֶרְכָּבָ֖ה וְסֻסִ֑ים וַחֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ רָצִ֥ים לְפָנָֽיו׃

12 word entries

וַֽיְהִי֙

Lemma: c/1961
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1772

מֵאַ֣חֲרֵי

Lemma: m/310 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H310
Occurrences: 59

כֵ֔ן

Lemma: 3651 c
Morphology: Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3651
Occurrences: 502

וַיַּ֤עַשׂ

Lemma: c/6213 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6213
Occurrences: 692

לוֹ֙

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם

Lemma: 53
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H53
Occurrences: 88

מֶרְכָּבָ֖ה

Lemma: 4818
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4818
Occurrences: 21

וְסֻסִ֑ים

Lemma: c/5483 b
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5483
Occurrences: 14

וַחֲמִשִּׁ֥ים

Lemma: c/2572
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + adjective
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H2572
Occurrences: 48

אִ֖ישׁ

Lemma: 376
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H376
Occurrences: 1458

רָצִ֥ים

Lemma: 7323
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7323
Occurrences: 47

לְפָנָֽיו

Lemma: l/6440
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6440
Occurrences: 1012

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ ἐποίησεν ἑαυτῷ Ἀβεσσαλὼμ ἅρματα, καὶ ἵππους, καὶ πεντήκοντα ἄνδρας παρατρέχειν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ.

17 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐγένετο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γίνομαι
Transliteration: egeneto
Morphology: verb, aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it became, happened
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To become, happen, come to be, or be made.
Occurrences: 1418

μετὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μετά
Transliteration: meta
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with, after
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences: 2247

ταῦτα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐποίησεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ποιέω
Transliteration: epoiesen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it made, did
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To make, do, perform, or produce.
Strong's: G4160
Occurrences: 2253

ἑαυτῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἑαυτοῦ
Transliteration: heautou
Morphology: reflexive pronoun, genitive masculine/neuter singular
Gloss: of himself, his own
Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun
Definition: Reflexive pronoun himself, herself, itself, themselves.
Occurrences: 462

Ἀβεσσαλὼμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἀβεσσαλώμ
Transliteration: Abessalom
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Absalom
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Absalom.
Occurrences: 113

ἅρματα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἅρμα
Transliteration: harmata
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative plural
Gloss: chariots
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Chariot or wheeled war vehicle.
Occurrences: 86

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἵππους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἵππους
Transliteration: ippoys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

πεντήκοντα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πεντήκοντα
Transliteration: pentekonta
Morphology: numeral, indeclinable
Gloss: fifty
Part of Speech: numeral
Definition: The numeral fifty.
Occurrences: 125

ἄνδρας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνήρ
Transliteration: andras
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative plural
Gloss: men
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Man, male, husband.
Occurrences: 1573

παρατρέχειν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: παρατρέχειν
Transliteration: paratrechein
Morphology: present/aorist active infinitive pattern
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἔμπροσθεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔμπροσθεν
Transliteration: emprosthen
Morphology: adverb/preposition
Gloss: before, in front of
Part of Speech: adverb/preposition
Definition: Before, in front of, or in the presence of.
Occurrences: 128

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܡܢ ܒܬܪܟܢ ܥܒܕ ܠܗ ܐܒܫܠܘܡ ܡܪ̈ܟܒܬܐ ܘܦܪ̈ܫܐ ܘܚܡܫܝܢ ܛܒܠܪ̈ܝܢ ܕܪܗܛܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܩܕܡܘܗܝ

12 word entries

ܘܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܢ
Transliteration: wmn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 827

ܒܬܪܟܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܬܪܟܢ
Transliteration: btrkn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 24

ܥܒܕ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܥܒܕ
Transliteration: abad
Morphology: verb root/form
Gloss: made, did, served
Occurrences: 334

ܠܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗ
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2252

ܐܒܫܠܘܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܒܫܠܘܡ
Transliteration: 'bshlwm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 65

ܡܪ̈ܟܒܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܪܟܒܬܐ
Transliteration: mrkbt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 31

ܘܦܪ̈ܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܦܪܫܐ
Transliteration: wprsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 24

ܘܚܡܫܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܚܡܫܝܢ
Transliteration: whmshyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 63

ܛܒܠܪ̈ܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܒܠܪܝܢ
Transliteration: tblryn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 1

ܕܪܗܛܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܪܗܛܝܢ
Transliteration: drhtyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 4

ܗܘܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܘܘ
Transliteration: hww
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1064

ܩܕܡܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܕܡܘܗܝ
Transliteration: qdmwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 171

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וַהֲוָה מִבָּתַר כֵּן וַעֲבֵד לֵיהּ אַבְשָׁלוֹם רְתִיכִין וְסוּסְוַן וְחַמְשִׁין גַבְרָא רָדְפִין קֳדָמוֹהִי׃

12 word entries

וַהֲוָה

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוה
Transliteration: whwh
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root הוה
Gloss: and was, became, happened
Occurrences: 1114

מִבָּתַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בתר
Transliteration: mbtr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 428

כֵּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כן
Transliteration: kn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 422

וַעֲבֵד

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עבד
Transliteration: w'bd
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + verbal or nominal root עבד
Gloss: and made, did, served
Occurrences: 1208

לֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ליה
Transliteration: lyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1154

אַבְשָׁלוֹם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אבשלום
Transliteration: 'bshlwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 109

רְתִיכִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רתיכין
Transliteration: rtykyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 44

וְסוּסְוַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סוסון
Transliteration: wswswn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 53

וְחַמְשִׁין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חמשין
Transliteration: wchmshyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 74

גַבְרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גברא
Transliteration: gbr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 524

רָדְפִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רדפין
Transliteration: rdpyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

קֳדָמוֹהִי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדמוהי
Transliteration: qdmwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 214

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Igitur post hæc fecit sibi Absalom currus, et equites, et quinquaginta viros qui præcederent eum.

15 word entries

igitur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: igitur
Transliteration: igitur
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 420

post

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: post
Transliteration: post
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 621

haec

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hic
Transliteration: haec
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4646

fecit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facio
Transliteration: fecit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 4719

sibi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sui
Transliteration: sibi
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1317

Absalom

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Absalus
Transliteration: Absalom
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 78

currum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: currus
Transliteration: currum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 127

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

equites

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: eques
Transliteration: equites
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 96

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

quinquaginta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quinquaginta
Transliteration: quinquaginta
Morphology: GreLa POS: numeral
Occurrences: 134

viros

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uir
Transliteration: viros
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1641

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

praecederent

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: praecedo
Transliteration: praecederent
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 68

eum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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2 Samuel 15

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

1 Kings 1:5

1 Samuel 8:11

Psalms 20:7

2 Samuel 12:11

Proverbs 11:2

Deuteronomy 17:16

Proverbs 17:19

1 Kings 1:33

Proverbs 16:18