28 When this message came to Nicanor, he was confounded, and was very troubled at the thought of annulling the articles that had been agreed upon, the man having done no wrong;
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Maccabees 14:28. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
3
Word Entries
53
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Προσπεσόντων δὲ τούτων τῷ Νικάνορι, συνεκέχυτο καὶ δυσφόρως ἔφερεν, εἰ τὰ διεσταλμένα ἀθετήσει μηδὲν τʼ ἀνδρὸς ἠδικηκότος.
17 word entries
Προσπεσόντων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- προσπεσόντων
- Transliteration
- prospesonton
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
τούτων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὗτος
- Transliteration
- houtos
- Morphology
- demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- this one
- Part of Speech
- demonstrative pronoun
- Definition
- This, these.
- Occurrences
- 3767
τῷ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Νικάνορι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- νικάνορι
- Transliteration
- nikanori
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
συνεκέχυτο
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- συνεκέχυτο
- Transliteration
- synekechyto
- Morphology
- verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she was ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
δυσφόρως
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- δυσφόρως
- Transliteration
- dysphoros
- Morphology
- adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- ...ly / having ...
- Part of Speech
- adverb/participle form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἔφερεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἔφερεν
- Transliteration
- epheren
- Morphology
- verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
εἰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰ
- Transliteration
- ei
- Morphology
- conditional particle
- Gloss
- if, whether
- Part of Speech
- conditional particle
- Definition
- Conditional particle.
- Occurrences
- 649
τὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
διεσταλμένα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- διεσταλμένα
- Transliteration
- diestalmena
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἀθετήσει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀθετήσει
- Transliteration
- athetesei
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
μηδὲν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- μηδὲν
- Transliteration
- meden
- Morphology
- verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 13
τʼ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- τʼ
- Transliteration
- t
- Morphology
- rare LXX source token; morphology and lexical role require manual review
- Gloss
- rare source form
- Part of Speech
- particle/elided form
- Definition
- Final low-confidence LXX tail classification for a rare Greek, elided, numeral, or transliterated source token. Exact lexical identity and morphology require manual review.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἀνδρὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀνήρ
- Transliteration
- andros
- Morphology
- noun, masculine genitive singular
- Gloss
- of a man, husband
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Man, male, husband.
- Occurrences
- 1573
ἠδικηκότος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἠδικηκότος
- Transliteration
- edikekotos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܟܕ ܫܡܥ ܕܝܢ ܢܝܩܢܘܪ ܐܓܪܬܐ ܐܫܬܪܝ ܗܘܐ ܘܐܬܥܝܩ ܣܓܝ ܘܠܐ ܨܒܐ ܗܘܐ ܕܢܫܬܚܠܦ ܥܠ ܝܗܘܕܐ ܓܒܪܐ ܕܡܕܡ ܠܐ ܐܣܟܠ
19 word entries
ܘܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܟܕ
- Transliteration
- wkd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 406
ܫܡܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܡܥ
- Transliteration
- shm'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 166
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 951
ܢܝܩܢܘܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܝܩܢܘܪ
- Transliteration
- nyqnwr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 21
ܐܓܪܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܓܪܬܐ
- Transliteration
- 'grt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 44
ܐܫܬܪܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܫܬܪܝ
- Transliteration
- 'shtry
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1800
ܘܐܬܥܝܩ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܬܥܝܩ
- Transliteration
- w't'yq
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܣܓܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܓܝ
- Transliteration
- sgy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 143
ܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1993
ܨܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܨܒܐ
- Transliteration
- sb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 93
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1800
ܕܢܫܬܚܠܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܫܬܚܠܦ
- Transliteration
- dnshthlp
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3346
ܝܗܘܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܗܘܕܐ
- Transliteration
- yhwd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 374
ܓܒܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܒܪܐ
- Transliteration
- gbr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 622
ܕܡܕܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܕܡ
- Transliteration
- dmdm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 13
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܠܐ
- Transliteration
- la
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 2566
ܐܣܟܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܣܟܠ
- Transliteration
- 'skl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Quibus cognitis, Nicanor consternabatur, et graviter ferebat, si ea quæ convenerant irrita faceret, nihil læsus a viro:
17 word entries
quibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
cognitis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cognosco
- Transliteration
- cognitis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 369
Nicanor
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Nicanor
- Transliteration
- Nicanor
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 43
consternabatur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- consterno
- Transliteration
- consternabatur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 9
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
graviter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- grauiter
- Transliteration
- graviter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 11
ferebat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- fero
- Transliteration
- ferebat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 392
si
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- si
- Transliteration
- si
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1970
ea
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- ea
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
convenerant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- conuenio
- Transliteration
- convenerant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 101
irrita
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- irritus
- Transliteration
- irrita
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 39
faceret
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- faceret
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
nihil
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nihil
- Transliteration
- nihil
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 231
laesus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- laedo
- Transliteration
- laesus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 29
a
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ab
- Transliteration
- a
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3693
viro
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uir
- Transliteration
- viro
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1641