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World English Bible

2 Maccabees 10

World English Bible, Verse 14

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¹⁴ But when Gorgias was made governor of the district, he maintained a force of mercenaries, and at every turn kept up war with the Jews.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Maccabees 10:14. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 3

Word Entries 41

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Γοργίας δὲ γενόμενος στρατηγὸς τῶν τόπων, ἐξενοτρόφει, καὶ παρέκαστα πρὸς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ἐπολεμοτρόφει,

13 word entries

Γοργίας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: γοργίας
Transliteration: gorgias
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

γενόμενος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: γενόμενος
Transliteration: genomenos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 28

στρατηγὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: στρατηγὸς
Transliteration: strategos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

τόπων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: τόπων
Transliteration: topon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 23

ἐξενοτρόφει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐξενοτρόφει
Transliteration: exenotrophei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

παρέκαστα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: παρέκαστα
Transliteration: parekasta
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

πρὸς

Status: Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
Note: Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Lemma: πρὸς
Transliteration: pros
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with/toward
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: with/toward
Strong's: G4314
Occurrences: 3989

τοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ἰουδαίους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰουδαῖος
Transliteration: Ioudaious
Morphology: proper adjective/noun, masculine accusative plural
Gloss: Jews, Judeans
Part of Speech: proper adjective/noun
Definition: Jewish, Judean; member of the Jewish/Judean people.
Occurrences: 127

ἐπολεμοτρόφει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐπολεμοτρόφει
Transliteration: epolemotrophei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܩܡ ܓܘܪܓܝܐ ܚܠܦܘܗܝ ܒܕܘܟܬܗ ܪܫܐ ܘܡܕܒܪܢܐ ܘܡܟܢܫ ܗܘܐ ܨܐܕܘܗܝ ܥܡ̈ܡܐ ܣܓܝܐ̈ܐ ܘܒܟܠ ܙܒܢ ܥܡ ܝܗܘ̈ܕܝܐ ܡܩܪܒ ܗܘܐ

17 word entries

ܘܩܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܩܡ
Transliteration: wqm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 131

ܓܘܪܓܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܓܘܪܓܝܐ
Transliteration: gwrgy'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 8

ܚܠܦܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܠܦܘܗܝ
Transliteration: hlpwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 15

ܒܕܘܟܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܕܘܟܬܗ
Transliteration: bdwkth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 12

ܪܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܫܐ
Transliteration: rsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 83

ܘܡܕܒܪܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܕܒܪܢܐ
Transliteration: wmdbrn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 24

ܘܡܟܢܫ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܟܢܫ
Transliteration: wmknsh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘܐ
Transliteration: hwa
Morphology: verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss: was, became
Occurrences: 1800

ܨܐܕܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܨܐܕܘܗܝ
Transliteration: s'dwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 4

ܥܡ̈ܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡܡܐ
Transliteration: 'mm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 352

ܣܓܝܐ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܓܝܐܐ
Transliteration: sgy''
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 345

ܘܒܟܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܒܟܠ
Transliteration: wbkl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 25

ܙܒܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܙܒܢ
Transliteration: zbn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 33

ܥܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡ
Transliteration: 'm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 697

ܝܗܘ̈ܕܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
Transliteration: yhwdy'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 102

ܡܩܪܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܩܪܒ
Transliteration: mqrb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 6

ܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘܐ
Transliteration: hwa
Morphology: verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss: was, became
Occurrences: 1800

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Gorgias autem cum esset dux locorum, assumptis advenis, frequenter Judæos debellabat.

11 word entries

Gorgias

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Gorgias
Transliteration: Gorgias
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 11

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5272

esset

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: esset
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

dux

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dux
Transliteration: dux
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 245

locorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: locus
Transliteration: locorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 773

adsumptis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: assumo
Transliteration: adsumptis
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 173

advenis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aduena
Transliteration: advenis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 81

frequenter

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: frequenter
Transliteration: frequenter
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 18

Iudaeos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iudaei
Transliteration: Iudaeos
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 362

debellabat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: debello
Transliteration: debellabat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 10

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