2 Kings 22

World English Bible, Verse 11

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¹¹ When the king had heard the words of the book of the law, he tore his clothes.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Kings 22:11. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 55

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַֽיְהִי֙ כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֖י סֵ֣פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֑ה וַיִּקְרַ֖ע אֶת־בְּגָדָֽיו׃

10 word entries

וַֽיְהִי֙

Lemma: c/1961
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1772

כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ

Lemma: k/8085
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H8085
Occurrences: 42

הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ

Lemma: d/4428
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H4428
Occurrences: 1083

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

דִּבְרֵ֖י

Lemma: 1697
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1697
Occurrences: 866

סֵ֣פֶר

Lemma: 5612 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5612
Occurrences: 110

הַתּוֹרָ֑ה

Lemma: d/8451
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H8451
Occurrences: 49

וַיִּקְרַ֖ע

Lemma: c/7167
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7167
Occurrences: 33

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

בְּגָדָֽיו

Lemma: 899 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H899
Occurrences: 163

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοὺς λόγους βιβλίου τοῦ νόμου, καὶ διέῤῥηξε τὰ ἱμάτια ἑαυτοῦ.

16 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐγένετο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γίνομαι
Transliteration: egeneto
Morphology: verb, aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it became, happened
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To become, happen, come to be, or be made.
Occurrences: 1418

ὡς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὡς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, like, when
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 1899

ἤκουσεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀκούω
Transliteration: ekousen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it heard
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To hear, listen, or obey.
Occurrences: 438

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

βασιλεὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: βασιλεύς
Transliteration: basileus
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: king
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: King or ruler.
Occurrences: 3067

τοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

λόγους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λόγος
Transliteration: logous
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative plural
Gloss: words, matters
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Word, speech, account, matter, or reason.
Strong's: G3056
Occurrences: 1103

βιβλίου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: βιβλίου
Transliteration: biblioy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 25

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

νόμου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: νόμος
Transliteration: nomos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: law
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Law, custom, or instruction.
Occurrences: 332

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

διέῤῥηξε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: διέῤῥηξε
Transliteration: dieexe
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 21

τὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἱμάτια

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἱμάτιον
Transliteration: himation
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: garment, cloak
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Garment, cloak, or outer clothing.
Occurrences: 162

ἑαυτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἑαυτοῦ
Transliteration: heautou
Morphology: reflexive pronoun, genitive masculine/neuter singular
Gloss: of himself, his own
Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun
Definition: Reflexive pronoun himself, herself, itself, themselves.
Occurrences: 462

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܟܕ ܫܡܥ ܡܠܟܐ ܦܬܓܡ̈ܘܗܝ ܕܣܦ̣ܪܐ ܕܐܘܪܝܬܐ ܨܪܝ ܠܒ̈ܘܫܘܗܝ

8 word entries

ܘܟܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܟܕ
Transliteration: wkd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 406

ܫܡܥ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܡܥ
Transliteration: shm'
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 166

ܡܠܟܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܠܟܐ
Transliteration: malka
Morphology: noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss: king
Occurrences: 1870

ܦܬܓܡ̈ܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܬܓܡܘܗܝ
Transliteration: ptgmwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 37

ܕܣܦ̣ܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܣܦܪܐ
Transliteration: dspr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 16

ܕܐܘܪܝܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܘܪܝܬܐ
Transliteration: d'wryt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 4

ܨܪܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܨܪܝ
Transliteration: sry
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 7

ܠܒ̈ܘܫܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܘܫܘܗܝ
Transliteration: lbwshwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 10

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וַהֲוָה כַּד שְׁמַע מַלְכָּא יַת פִּתְגָמֵי סִפְרָא דְאוֹרַיְתָא וּבְזַע יַת לְבוּשׁוֹהִי׃

11 word entries

וַהֲוָה

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוה
Transliteration: whwh
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root הוה
Gloss: and was, became, happened
Occurrences: 1114

כַּד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כד
Transliteration: kd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 581

שְׁמַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמע
Transliteration: shm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 154

מַלְכָּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מלך
Transliteration: mlk'
Morphology: prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: from king
Occurrences: 2509

יַת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

פִּתְגָמֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פתגמי
Transliteration: ptgmy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 291

סִפְרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ספרא
Transliteration: spr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 102

דְאוֹרַיְתָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אוריתא
Transliteration: d'wryt'
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss: of/that law, Torah
Occurrences: 299

וּבְזַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בזע
Transliteration: wbz'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 22

יַת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

לְבוּשׁוֹהִי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בושוהי
Transliteration: lbwshwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 15

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

et audisset rex verba libri legis Domini, scidit vestimenta sua.

10 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

audisset

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: audio
Transliteration: audisset
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1534

rex

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rex
Transliteration: rex
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2981

verba

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uerbum
Transliteration: verba
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1162

libri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: liber
Transliteration: libri
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 252

legis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lex
Transliteration: legis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 596

Domini

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Domini
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

scidit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: scindo
Transliteration: scidit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 83

vestimenta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uestimentum
Transliteration: vestimenta
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 224

sua

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: sua
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Joel 2:13

Tear your heart and not your garments, and turn to Yahweh, your God; for he is gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness, and relents from sending calamity.

5 relevance votes

2 Chronicles 34:19

When the king had heard the words of the law, he tore his clothes.

5 relevance votes

Joshua 7:6

Joshua tore his clothes, and fell to the earth on his face before Yahweh’s ark until the evening, he and the elders of Israel; and they put dust on their heads.

3 relevance votes

2 Kings 22:19

because your heart was tender, and you humbled yourself before Yahweh when you heard what I spoke against this place and against its inhabitants, that they should become a desolation and a curse, and have torn your clothes and wept before me, I also have heard you,’ says Yahweh.

3 relevance votes

Jeremiah 36:24

The king and his servants who heard all these words were not afraid, and didn’t tear their garments.

3 relevance votes

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