2 Kings
Chapter 19
Verse 13
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World English Bible

2 Kings 19

World English Bible, Verse 13

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13 Where is the king of Hamath, the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah?’”

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Kings 19:13. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 66
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אַיּ֤וֹ מֶֽלֶךְ־חֲמָת֙ וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אַרְפָּ֔ד וּמֶ֖לֶךְ לָעִ֣יר סְפַרְוָ֑יִם הֵנַ֖ע וְעִוָּֽה׃

10 word entries
אַיּ֤וֹ
Lemma
335
Morphology
Hebrew: particle + suffix
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H335
Occurrences
31
מֶֽלֶךְ
Lemma
4428
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H4428
Occurrences
1112
חֲמָת֙
Lemma
2574
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H2574
Occurrences
32
וּמֶ֣לֶךְ
Lemma
c/4428
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H4428
Occurrences
46
אַרְפָּ֔ד
Lemma
774
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H774
Occurrences
2
וּמֶ֖לֶךְ
Lemma
c/4428
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H4428
Occurrences
46
לָעִ֣יר
Lemma
5892 b
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H5892
Occurrences
377
סְפַרְוָ֑יִם
Lemma
5617
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H5617
Occurrences
6
הֵנַ֖ע
Lemma
2012
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H2012
Occurrences
3
וְעִוָּֽה
Lemma
c/5755
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H5755
Occurrences
3
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ βασιλεὺς Αἱμὰθ, καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἀρφάδ; καὶ ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ βασιλεὺς τῆς πόλεως Σεπφαρουαῒν, Ἀνὰ, καὶ Ἀβά;

20 word entries
Ποῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ποῦ
Transliteration
pou
Morphology
interrogative adverb
Gloss
where?
Part of Speech
adverb
Definition
Interrogative adverb meaning where.
Occurrences
114
ἐστιν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
estin
Morphology
verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it is
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To be or exist.
Strong's
G1510
Occurrences
5427
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
βασιλεὺς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
basileus
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
king
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
King or ruler.
Occurrences
3067
Αἱμὰθ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
aimath
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Αἱμὰθ
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
5
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
βασιλεὺς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
basileus
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
king
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
King or ruler.
Occurrences
3067
Ἀρφάδ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
arphad
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Ἀρφάδ
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ποῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ποῦ
Transliteration
pou
Morphology
interrogative adverb
Gloss
where?
Part of Speech
adverb
Definition
Interrogative adverb meaning where.
Occurrences
114
ἐστιν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
estin
Morphology
verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it is
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To be or exist.
Strong's
G1510
Occurrences
5427
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
βασιλεὺς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
basileus
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
king
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
King or ruler.
Occurrences
3067
τῆς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
πόλεως
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
polis
Morphology
noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss
city
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
City or town.
Occurrences
1387
Σεπφαρουαῒν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
seppharoyan
Morphology
accusative singular feminine or third-declension accusative pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
Ἀνὰ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἀνά
Transliteration
ana
Morphology
preposition/adverb
Gloss
up, throughout, each
Part of Speech
preposition/adverb
Definition
Preposition or distributive adverb.
Occurrences
96
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
Ἀβά
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma
ἀβά
Transliteration
aba
Morphology
nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܝܟܐ ܗܘ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܚܡܬ ܘܡܠܟܐ ܕܪܦܕ ܘܡܠܟܐ ܕܩܪܝܬܐ ܣܦܪܘܝܡ ܘܕܢܥ ܘܕܥܘܐ

11 word entries
ܐܝܟܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'yk'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
74
ܗܘ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܗܘ
Transliteration
hu
Morphology
pronoun/copula, masculine singular
Gloss
he, it, is
Occurrences
2003
ܡܠܟܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Transliteration
malka
Morphology
noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss
king
Occurrences
1870
ܕܚܡܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dhmt
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
16
ܘܡܠܟܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wmlk'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
81
ܕܪܦܕ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
drpd
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
2
ܘܡܠܟܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wmlk'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
81
ܕܩܪܝܬܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dqryt'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
47
ܣܦܪܘܝܡ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
sprwym
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
3
ܘܕܢܥ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wdn'
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
3
ܘܕܥܘܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wd'w'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
3
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אָן מַלְכָּא דַחֲמַת וּמַלְכָּא דְאַרְפָּד וּמַלְכָּא דִלְקַרְתָּא סְפַרְוָיִם הָא טַלְטִילוּנוּן וְאַגְלִיאוּנוּן׃

11 word entries
אָן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
אן
Transliteration
'n
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
38
מַלְכָּא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
מלך
Transliteration
mlk'
Morphology
prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss
from king
Occurrences
2509
דַחֲמַת
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
חמת
Transliteration
dchmt
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
41
וּמַלְכָּא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
מלך
Transliteration
wmlk'
Morphology
prefixed conjunction ו + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss
and king
Occurrences
2509
דְאַרְפָּד
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
d'rpd
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
6
וּמַלְכָּא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
מלך
Transliteration
wmlk'
Morphology
prefixed conjunction ו + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss
and king
Occurrences
2509
דִלְקַרְתָּא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
dlqrt'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
5
סְפַרְוָיִם
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
sprwym
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
5
הָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
הא
Transliteration
h'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
704
טַלְטִילוּנוּן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
tltylwnwn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
2
וְאַגְלִיאוּנוּן׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
w'gly'wnwn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
5
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

ubi est rex Emath, et rex Arphad, et rex civitatis Sepharvaim, Ana, et Ava?

14 word entries
ubi
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ubi
Transliteration
ubi
Morphology
GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences
354
est
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
est
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
rex
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
rex
Transliteration
rex
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
2981
Emath
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Emath
Transliteration
Emath
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
37
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
rex
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
rex
Transliteration
rex
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
2981
Arfad
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Aread
Transliteration
Arfad
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
6
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
rex
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
rex
Transliteration
rex
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
2981
civitatis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ciuitas
Transliteration
civitatis
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
1108
Sepharvaim
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
Sepharvaim
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
2
Ana
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Ana
Transliteration
Ana
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
12
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
Ava
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
aua
Transliteration
Ava
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
3

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

2 Kings 18:34

Where are the gods of Hamath and of Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah? Have they delivered Samaria out of my hand?

5 relevance votes

Zechariah 9:2

and Hamath, also, which borders on it, Tyre and Sidon, because they are very wise.

2 relevance votes

Jeremiah 49:23

Of Damascus: “Hamath and Arpad are confounded, for they have heard evil news. They have melted away. There is sorrow on the sea. It can’t be quiet.

2 relevance votes

Jeremiah 39:5

But the army of the Chaldeans pursued them, and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho. When they had taken him, they brought him up to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to Riblah in the land of Hamath; and he pronounced judgment on him.

2 relevance votes

2 Kings 17:24

The king of Assyria brought people from Babylon, from Cuthah, from Avva, and from Hamath and Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel; and they possessed Samaria and lived in its cities.

2 relevance votes

Numbers 13:21

So they went up, and spied out the land from the wilderness of Zin to Rehob, to the entrance of Hamath.

2 relevance votes

Numbers 34:8

From Mount Hor you shall mark out to the entrance of Hamath; and the border shall pass by Zedad.

2 relevance votes

Isaiah 11:11

It will happen in that day that the Lord will set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant that is left of his people from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros, from Cush, from Elam, from Shinar, from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.

2 relevance votes
Chapter 19 · 19 of 25 available Verse 13 of 37