2 Kings
Chapter 18
Verse 20
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2 Kings 18

World English Bible, Verse 20

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20 You say (but they are but vain words), ‘There is counsel and strength for war.’ Now on whom do you trust, that you have rebelled against me?

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Kings 18:20. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 74
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אָמַ֙רְתָּ֙ אַךְ־דְּבַר־ שְׂפָתַ֔יִם עֵצָ֥ה וּגְבוּרָ֖ה לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה עַתָּה֙ עַל־מִ֣י בָטַ֔חְתָּ כִּ֥י מָרַ֖דְתָּ בִּֽי׃

14 word entries
אָמַ֨רְתָּ֙
Lemma
559
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H559
Occurrences
1301
אַךְ
Lemma
389
Morphology
Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H389
Occurrences
158
דְּבַר
Lemma
1697
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1697
Occurrences
866
שְׂפָתַ֔יִם
Lemma
8193
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common feminine dual absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H8193
Occurrences
144
עֵצָ֥ה
Lemma
6098
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H6098
Occurrences
59
וּגְבוּרָ֖ה
Lemma
c/1369
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H1369
Occurrences
21
לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה
Lemma
l/4421
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H4421
Occurrences
71
עַתָּה֙
Lemma
6258
Morphology
Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech
adverb
Strong's
H6258
Occurrences
149
עַל
Lemma
5921 a
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H5921
Occurrences
4903
מִ֣י
Lemma
4310
Morphology
Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H4310
Occurrences
333
בָטַ֔חְתָּ
Lemma
982
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H982
Occurrences
86
כִּ֥י
Lemma
3588 a
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H3588
Occurrences
4218
מָרַ֖דְתָּ
Lemma
4775
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H4775
Occurrences
11
בִּֽי
Lemma
b
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech
preposition
Occurrences
1362
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Εἶπας, πλὴν λόγοι χειλέων, Βουλὴ καὶ δύναμις εἰς πόλεμον· νῦν οὖν τίνι πεποιθὼς ἠθέτησας ἐν ἐμοί;

16 word entries
Εἶπας
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
eipas
Morphology
verb, aorist active indicative, 2nd singular
Gloss
you said
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To say or speak.
Occurrences
5490
πλὴν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
plen
Morphology
particle/preposition
Gloss
except, nevertheless
Part of Speech
particle/preposition
Definition
Exceptive or adversative particle/preposition.
Occurrences
229
λόγοι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
logoi
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative plural
Gloss
words, matters
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Word, speech, account, matter, or reason.
Strong's
G3056
Occurrences
1103
χειλέων
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
cheileon
Morphology
noun, neuter genitive plural
Gloss
of lips
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Lip, edge, or shore.
Occurrences
117
Βουλὴ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
boyle
Morphology
nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
36
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
δύναμις
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
dynamis
Morphology
noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss
power, strength
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Power, strength, ability, army, or host.
Occurrences
521
εἰς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
εἰς
Transliteration
eis
Morphology
preposition with accusative
Gloss
into, to, for
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences
6787
πόλεμον
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
polemos
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
war
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
War, battle, or conflict.
Occurrences
323
νῦν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
νῦν
Transliteration
nyn
Morphology
adverb
Gloss
now
Part of Speech
adverb
Definition
Now, at the present time.
Occurrences
614
οὖν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
οὖν
Transliteration
oun
Morphology
inferential particle/conjunction
Gloss
therefore, then
Part of Speech
particle/conjunction
Definition
Inferential particle.
Occurrences
229
τίνι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
τίς
Transliteration
tis
Morphology
interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Gloss
who, someone
Part of Speech
interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Definition
Interrogative or indefinite pronoun depending on accent/context.
Occurrences
1124
πεποιθὼς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
pepoithos
Morphology
adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
Gloss
...ly / having ...
Part of Speech
adverb/participle form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
27
ἠθέτησας
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
ethetesas
Morphology
aorist active participle nominative masculine singular pattern, or 2nd singular verb depending on context
Gloss
having ...
Part of Speech
participle/verb form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
ἐν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐν
Transliteration
en
Morphology
preposition with dative
Gloss
in, among, with
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's
G1722
Occurrences
13086
ἐμοί
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐγώ
Transliteration
ego
Morphology
pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss
I
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences
11445
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܐܡܪܬ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܟ ܡܡܠܠܐ ܕܣ̈ܦܘܬܐ ܘܬܪܥܝܬܐ ܘܓܢܒܪܘܬܐ ܠܩܪܒܐ ܗܫܐ ܥܠ ܡ̇ܢ ܗܘ ܐܬܬܟܠܬ ܕܡܪܕܬ ܥܠܝ

15 word entries
ܘܐܡܪܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
w'mrt
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
306
ܕܐܝܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
d'yt
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
277
ܒܟ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܒܟ
Transliteration
bk
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
53
ܡܡܠܠܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
mmll'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
15
ܕܣ̈ܦܘܬܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dspwt'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
4
ܘܬܪܥܝܬܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wtr'yt'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
10
ܘܓܢܒܪܘܬܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wgnbrwt'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
12
ܠܩܪܒܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lqrb'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
84
ܗܫܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܗܫܐ
Transliteration
hsh'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
201
ܥܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܥܠ
Transliteration
'l
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
3346
ܡ̇ܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܡܢ
Transliteration
mn
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
5552
ܗܘ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܗܘ
Transliteration
hu
Morphology
pronoun/copula, masculine singular
Gloss
he, it, is
Occurrences
2003
ܐܬܬܟܠܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'ttklt
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences
7
ܕܡܪܕܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dmrdt
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
4
ܥܠܝ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܥܠܝ
Transliteration
'ly
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
218
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אֲמַרְתָּ בְּרַם בִּמְלַל סִפְוָן בְּמֵילַךְ וּגְבוּרָה אַעְבֵּיד קְרָבָא כְּעַן עַל מַן אִתְרְחֵיצְתָּא אֲרֵי מְרִידְתָּא בִּי׃

15 word entries
אֲמַרְתָּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'mrt
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
238
בְּרַם
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ברם
Transliteration
brm
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
206
בִּמְלַל
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
מלל
Transliteration
bmll
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
62
סִפְוָן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
spwn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
5
בְּמֵילַךְ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
bmylk
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
1
וּגְבוּרָה
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wgbwrh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
4
אַעְבֵּיד
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
''byd
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
78
קְרָבָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
qrb'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
469
כְּעַן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
כען
Transliteration
k'n
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
555
עַל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
על
Transliteration
'l
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences
3568
מַן
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
מן
Transliteration
mn
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
from, out of, than
Occurrences
2836
אִתְרְחֵיצְתָּא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'trchytst'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
4
אֲרֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ארי
Transliteration
'ry
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
1969
מְרִידְתָּא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
mrydt'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
1
בִּי׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
בי
Transliteration
by
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
80
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

forsitan inisti consilium, ut præpares te ad prælium. In quo confidis, ut audeas rebellare?

14 word entries
forsitan
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
forsitan
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
38
inisti
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ineo
Transliteration
inisti
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
62
consilium
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
consilium
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
232
ut
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ut
Transliteration
ut
Morphology
GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences
4533
praepares
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
praepares
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
123
te
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
tu
Transliteration
te
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
4602
ad
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ad
Transliteration
ad
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
7531
proelium
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
proelium
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
159
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
quo
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
qui
Transliteration
quo
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
15011
confidis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
confido
Transliteration
confidis
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
90
ut
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ut
Transliteration
ut
Morphology
GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences
4533
audeas
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
audeo
Transliteration
audeas
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
48
rebellare
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
rebello
Transliteration
rebellare
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
16
Chapter 18 · 18 of 25 available Verse 20 of 37