20 You say (but they are but vain words), ‘There is counsel and strength for war.’ Now on whom do you trust, that you have rebelled against me?
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Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Kings 18:20. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
אָמַ֙רְתָּ֙ אַךְ־דְּבַר־ שְׂפָתַ֔יִם עֵצָ֥ה וּגְבוּרָ֖ה לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה עַתָּה֙ עַל־מִ֣י בָטַ֔חְתָּ כִּ֥י מָרַ֖דְתָּ בִּֽי׃
אָמַ֨רְתָּ֙
דְּבַר
שְׂפָתַ֔יִם
עֵצָ֥ה
וּגְבוּרָ֖ה
לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה
עַל
בָטַ֔חְתָּ
כִּ֥י
מָרַ֖דְתָּ
בִּֽי
- Lemma
- b
- Morphology
- Hebrew: preposition + suffix
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Occurrences
- 1362
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Εἶπας, πλὴν λόγοι χειλέων, Βουλὴ καὶ δύναμις εἰς πόλεμον· νῦν οὖν τίνι πεποιθὼς ἠθέτησας ἐν ἐμοί;
Εἶπας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- λέγω
- Transliteration
- eipas
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 2nd singular
- Gloss
- you said
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To say or speak.
- Occurrences
- 5490
πλὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πλήν
- Transliteration
- plen
- Morphology
- particle/preposition
- Gloss
- except, nevertheless
- Part of Speech
- particle/preposition
- Definition
- Exceptive or adversative particle/preposition.
- Occurrences
- 229
λόγοι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- λόγος
- Transliteration
- logoi
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative plural
- Gloss
- words, matters
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Word, speech, account, matter, or reason.
- Strong's
- G3056
- Occurrences
- 1103
χειλέων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- χεῖλος
- Transliteration
- cheileon
- Morphology
- noun, neuter genitive plural
- Gloss
- of lips
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Lip, edge, or shore.
- Occurrences
- 117
Βουλὴ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- βουλὴ
- Transliteration
- boyle
- Morphology
- nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 36
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
δύναμις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δύναμις
- Transliteration
- dynamis
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- power, strength
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Power, strength, ability, army, or host.
- Occurrences
- 521
εἰς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰς
- Transliteration
- eis
- Morphology
- preposition with accusative
- Gloss
- into, to, for
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
- Occurrences
- 6787
πόλεμον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πόλεμος
- Transliteration
- polemos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- war
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- War, battle, or conflict.
- Occurrences
- 323
νῦν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- νῦν
- Transliteration
- nyn
- Morphology
- adverb
- Gloss
- now
- Part of Speech
- adverb
- Definition
- Now, at the present time.
- Occurrences
- 614
οὖν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὖν
- Transliteration
- oun
- Morphology
- inferential particle/conjunction
- Gloss
- therefore, then
- Part of Speech
- particle/conjunction
- Definition
- Inferential particle.
- Occurrences
- 229
τίνι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- τίς
- Transliteration
- tis
- Morphology
- interrogative/indefinite pronoun
- Gloss
- who, someone
- Part of Speech
- interrogative/indefinite pronoun
- Definition
- Interrogative or indefinite pronoun depending on accent/context.
- Occurrences
- 1124
πεποιθὼς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πεποιθὼς
- Transliteration
- pepoithos
- Morphology
- adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- ...ly / having ...
- Part of Speech
- adverb/participle form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 27
ἠθέτησας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἠθέτησας
- Transliteration
- ethetesas
- Morphology
- aorist active participle nominative masculine singular pattern, or 2nd singular verb depending on context
- Gloss
- having ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
ἐμοί
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐγώ
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative first-person singular
- Gloss
- I
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- First-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 11445
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܐܡܪܬ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܟ ܡܡܠܠܐ ܕܣ̈ܦܘܬܐ ܘܬܪܥܝܬܐ ܘܓܢܒܪܘܬܐ ܠܩܪܒܐ ܗܫܐ ܥܠ ܡ̇ܢ ܗܘ ܐܬܬܟܠܬ ܕܡܪܕܬ ܥܠܝ
ܘܐܡܪܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܡܪܬ
- Transliteration
- w'mrt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 306
ܕܐܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܝܬ
- Transliteration
- d'yt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 277
ܒܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܟ
- Transliteration
- bk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 53
ܡܡܠܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܡܠܠܐ
- Transliteration
- mmll'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 15
ܕܣ̈ܦܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܣܦܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dspwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 4
ܘܬܪܥܝܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܬܪܥܝܬܐ
- Transliteration
- wtr'yt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 10
ܘܓܢܒܪܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܓܢܒܪܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- wgnbrwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 12
ܠܩܪܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܩܪܒܐ
- Transliteration
- lqrb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 84
ܗܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܫܐ
- Transliteration
- hsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 201
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3346
ܡ̇ܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5552
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 2003
ܐܬܬܟܠܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܬܬܟܠܬ
- Transliteration
- 'ttklt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 7
ܕܡܪܕܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܪܕܬ
- Transliteration
- dmrdt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 4
ܥܠܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠܝ
- Transliteration
- 'ly
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 218
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
אֲמַרְתָּ בְּרַם בִּמְלַל סִפְוָן בְּמֵילַךְ וּגְבוּרָה אַעְבֵּיד קְרָבָא כְּעַן עַל מַן אִתְרְחֵיצְתָּא אֲרֵי מְרִידְתָּא בִּי׃
אֲמַרְתָּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אמרת
- Transliteration
- 'mrt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 238
בְּרַם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ברם
- Transliteration
- brm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 206
בִּמְלַל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מלל
- Transliteration
- bmll
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 62
סִפְוָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ספון
- Transliteration
- spwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 5
בְּמֵילַךְ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מילך
- Transliteration
- bmylk
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
וּגְבוּרָה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גבורה
- Transliteration
- wgbwrh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4
אַעְבֵּיד
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אעביד
- Transliteration
- ''byd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 78
קְרָבָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קרבא
- Transliteration
- qrb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 469
כְּעַן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כען
- Transliteration
- k'n
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 555
עַל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- על
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, against, concerning
- Occurrences
- 3568
מַן
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מן
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- from, out of, than
- Occurrences
- 2836
אִתְרְחֵיצְתָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתרחיצתא
- Transliteration
- 'trchytst'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 4
אֲרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארי
- Transliteration
- 'ry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1969
מְרִידְתָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רידתא
- Transliteration
- mrydt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
בִּי׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בי
- Transliteration
- by
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 80
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
forsitan inisti consilium, ut præpares te ad prælium. In quo confidis, ut audeas rebellare?
forsitan
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- forsitan
- Transliteration
- forsitan
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 38
inisti
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ineo
- Transliteration
- inisti
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 62
consilium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- consilium
- Transliteration
- consilium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 232
ut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ut
- Transliteration
- ut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4533
praepares
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praeparo
- Transliteration
- praepares
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 123
te
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tu
- Transliteration
- te
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4602
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
proelium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- proelium
- Transliteration
- proelium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 159
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
quo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
confidis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- confido
- Transliteration
- confidis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 90
ut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ut
- Transliteration
- ut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4533
audeas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audeo
- Transliteration
- audeas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 48
rebellare
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rebello
- Transliteration
- rebellare
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 16