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World English Bible

2 Chronicles 34

World English Bible, Verse 5

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⁵ He burned the bones of the priests on their altars, and purged Judah and Jerusalem.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Chronicles 34:5. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 62

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְעַצְמוֹת֙ כֹּֽהֲנִ֔ים שָׂרַ֖ף עַל־מזבחותים וַיְטַהֵ֥ר אֶת־יְהוּדָ֖ה וְאֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃

11 word entries

וְעַצְמוֹת֙

Lemma: c/6106
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine plural construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6106
Occurrences: 10

כֹּֽהֲנִ֔ים

Lemma: 3548
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3548
Occurrences: 96

שָׂרַ֖ף

Lemma: 8313
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8313
Occurrences: 68

עַל

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

מזבחותים

Lemma: 4196
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4196
Occurrences: 171

מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֑ם

Lemma: 4196
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4196
Occurrences: 171

וַיְטַהֵ֥ר

Lemma: c/2891
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb piel sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H2891
Occurrences: 49

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

יְהוּדָ֖ה

Lemma: 3063
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3063
Occurrences: 682

וְאֶת

Lemma: c/853
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 2230

יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם

Lemma: 3389
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3389
Occurrences: 350

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ὀστᾶ ἱερέων κατέκαυσεν ἐπὶ τὰ θυσιαστήρια, καὶ ἐκαθάρισε τὸν Ἰούδαν καὶ τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ,

14 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ὀστᾶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὀστέον
Transliteration: osta
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative plural
Gloss: bones
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Bone.
Occurrences: 80

ἱερέων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἱερεύς
Transliteration: hiereon
Morphology: noun, masculine genitive plural
Gloss: of priests
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Priest.
Occurrences: 817

κατέκαυσεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κατέκαυσεν
Transliteration: katekaysen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

ἐπὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐπί
Transliteration: epi
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences: 6685

τὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

θυσιαστήρια

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: θυσιαστήρια
Transliteration: thysiasteria
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 29

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐκαθάρισε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐκαθάρισε
Transliteration: ekatharise
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ἰούδαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰούδας
Transliteration: Ioudan
Morphology: proper noun, accusative masculine singular
Gloss: Judah/Judas
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Judah or Judas depending on context.
Occurrences: 221

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ἱερουσαλὴμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἱερουσαλήμ
Transliteration: Hierousalem
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Jerusalem
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Jerusalem.
Occurrences: 763

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܓܪ̈ܡܐ ܕܟܘܡܪ̈ܐ ܕܦ̇ܠܚܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܗܘܢ ܚܛ ܐܢܘܢ ܡܢ ܩܒܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ ܘܐܝܬܝ ܘܐܘܩܕ ܐܢܘܢ ܘܕܟܝ ܠܝܗܘܕܐ ܘܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ

15 word entries

ܘܓܪ̈ܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܓܪܡܐ
Transliteration: wgrm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 9

ܕܟܘܡܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܟܘܡܪܐ
Transliteration: dkwmr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 7

ܕܦ̇ܠܚܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܦܠܚܝܢ
Transliteration: dplhyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 4

ܗܘܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܘܘ
Transliteration: hww
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1064

ܠܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗܘܢ
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 1134

ܚܛ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܛ
Transliteration: ht
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܘܢ
Transliteration: 'nwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1636

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܩܒܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܒܪܝܗܘܢ
Transliteration: qbryhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 4

ܘܐܝܬܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܝܬܝ
Transliteration: w'yty
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 42

ܘܐܘܩܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܘܩܕ
Transliteration: w'wqd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 9

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܘܢ
Transliteration: 'nwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1636

ܘܕܟܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܟܝ
Transliteration: wdky
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 6

ܠܝܗܘܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܝܗܘܕܐ
Transliteration: lyhwd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 44

ܘܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ
Transliteration: wl'wrshlm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 9

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְגַרְמֵי כּוּמָרַיָא אוֹקִיד עַל אֲגוֹרֵיהוֹן וְדַכֵּי יַת יְהוּדָה וְיַת יְרוּשְׁלֵם׃

10 word entries

וְגַרְמֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גרמי
Transliteration: wgrmy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 41

כּוּמָרַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ומריא
Transliteration: kwmry'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 7

אוֹקִיד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אוקיד
Transliteration: 'wqyd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 22

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

אֲגוֹרֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אגוריהון
Transliteration: 'gwryhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 12

וְדַכֵּי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דכי
Transliteration: wdky
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 23

יַת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

יְהוּדָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יהודה
Transliteration: yhwdh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 745

וְיַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: וית
Transliteration: wyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1320

יְרוּשְׁלֵם׃

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ירושלם
Transliteration: yrwshlm
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Jerusalem
Occurrences: 642

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Ossa præterea sacerdotum combussit in altaribus idolorum, mundavitque Judam et Jerusalem.

12 word entries

ossa

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: os
Transliteration: ossa
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 657

praeterea

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: praeterea
Transliteration: praeterea
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 6

sacerdotum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sacerdos
Transliteration: sacerdotum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 777

conbusit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: comburo
Transliteration: conbusit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 103

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

altaribus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: altar
Transliteration: altaribus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 27

idolorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: idolum
Transliteration: idolorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 144

mundavitque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mundo
Transliteration: mundavitque
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 96

{mundavitque}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: que
Transliteration: {mundavitque}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4392

Iudam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iuda
Transliteration: Iudam
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 970

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Hierusalem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Hierosolyma
Transliteration: Hierusalem
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 852

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

1 Kings 13:2

He cried against the altar by Yahweh’s word, and said, “Altar! Altar! Yahweh says: ‘Behold, a son will be born to David’s house, Josiah by name. On you he will sacrifice the priests of the high places who burn incense on you, and they will burn men’s bones on you.’”

5 relevance votes

2 Kings 23:16

As Josiah turned himself, he spied the tombs that were there in the mountain; and he sent, and took the bones out of the tombs, and burned them on the altar, and defiled it, according to Yahweh’s word which the man of God proclaimed, who proclaimed these things.

2 relevance votes

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2 Chronicles 34

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

1 Kings 13:2

2 Kings 23:16

2 Chronicles 34:7

Ezekiel 22:24

Jeremiah 3:10

2 Kings 23:20

Jeremiah 4:14

Numbers 35:33