1 Samuel
Chapter 21
Verse 13
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World English Bible

1 Samuel 21

World English Bible, Verse 13

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13 He changed his behavior before them and pretended to be insane in their hands, and scribbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down on his beard.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Samuel 21:13. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 76
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיָּ֧שֶׂם דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בִּלְבָב֑וֹ וַיִּרָ֣א מְאֹ֔ד מִפְּנֵ֖י אָכִ֥ישׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־גַּֽת׃

12 word entries
וַיָּ֧שֶׂם
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H7760
Occurrences
270
דָּוִ֛ד
Lemma
1732
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1732
Occurrences
847
אֶת
Lemma
853
Morphology
Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H853
Occurrences
8730
הַדְּבָרִ֥ים
Lemma
d/1697
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H1697
Occurrences
351
הָאֵ֖לֶּה
Lemma
d/428
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + pronoun
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H428
Occurrences
276
בִּלְבָב֑וֹ
Lemma
b/3824
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H3824
Occurrences
41
וַיִּרָ֣א
Lemma
c/3372
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H3372
Occurrences
75
מְאֹ֔ד
Lemma
3966
Morphology
Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech
adverb
Strong's
H3966
Occurrences
293
מִפְּנֵ֖י
Lemma
m/6440
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender plural construct
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H6440
Occurrences
296
אָכִ֥ישׁ
Lemma
397
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H397
Occurrences
21
מֶֽלֶךְ
Lemma
4428
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H4428
Occurrences
1112
גַּֽת
Lemma
1661
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1661
Occurrences
18
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἔθετο Δαυὶδ τὰ ῥήματα ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐφοβήθη σφόδρα ἀπὸ προσώπου Ἀγχοῦς βασιλέως Γέθ.

17 word entries
Καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἔθετο
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
etheto
Morphology
verb, aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it placed, set
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To put, place, set.
Occurrences
81
Δαυὶδ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
David
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
David
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
David.
Occurrences
1047
τὰ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ῥήματα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
rhema
Morphology
noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss
word, saying, matter
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Spoken word, saying, or matter.
Occurrences
403
ἐν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐν
Transliteration
en
Morphology
preposition with dative
Gloss
in, among, with
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's
G1722
Occurrences
13086
τῇ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
καρδίᾳ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
kardia
Morphology
noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss
heart
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Heart, inner life, mind, or will.
Occurrences
867
αὐτοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἐφοβήθη
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
ephobethe
Morphology
verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss
was ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
33
σφόδρα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
sphodra
Morphology
adverb
Gloss
greatly, exceedingly
Part of Speech
adverb
Definition
Very, exceedingly, greatly.
Occurrences
384
ἀπὸ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἀπό
Transliteration
apo
Morphology
preposition with genitive
Gloss
from, away from
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences
3869
προσώπου
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
prosopon
Morphology
noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss
face, presence
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Face, presence, person, or front.
Occurrences
1170
Ἀγχοῦς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
agchoys
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Ἀγχοῦς
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
19
βασιλέως
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
basileus
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
king
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
King or ruler.
Occurrences
3067
Γέθ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma
Γέθ
Transliteration
geth
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Γέθ
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
12
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܣܡ ܕܘܝܕ ܡ̈ܠܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܒܠܒܗ ܘܕܚܠ ܛܒ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܐܟܝܫ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܓܬ

12 word entries
ܘܣܡ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܘܣܡ
Transliteration
wsm
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
45
ܕܘܝܕ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dwyd
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
617
ܡ̈ܠܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܡܠܐ
Transliteration
ml'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
159
ܗܠܝܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
hlyn
Morphology
possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences
840
ܒܠܒܗ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
blbh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
57
ܘܕܚܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wdhl
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
21
ܛܒ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܛܒ
Transliteration
tb
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
279
ܡܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܡܢ
Transliteration
mn
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
5552
ܩܕܡ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܩܕܡ
Transliteration
qdm
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
1019
ܐܟܝܫ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'kysh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
17
ܡܠܟܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Transliteration
malka
Morphology
noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss
king
Occurrences
1870
ܕܓܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܕܓܬ
Transliteration
dgt
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
6
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְשַׁוֵי דָוִד יַת פִתְגָמַיָא הָאִלֵין בְּלִבֵּיה וּדְחִיל לַחְדָא מִן קֳדָם אָכִישׁ מַלְכָּא דְגָת׃

13 word entries
וְשַׁוֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
שוי
Transliteration
wshwy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
94
דָוִד
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
דוד
Transliteration
dwd
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
1106
יַת
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
ית
Transliteration
yt
Morphology
accusative/direct object marker
Gloss
direct object marker
Occurrences
4303
פִתְגָמַיָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
ptgmy'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
107
הָאִלֵין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
h'lyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
171
בְּלִבֵּיה
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
blbyh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
37
וּדְחִיל
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wdchyl
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
16
לַחְדָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
חדא
Transliteration
lchd'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
562
מִן
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
מן
Transliteration
mn
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
from, out of, than
Occurrences
2836
קֳדָם
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
קדם
Transliteration
qdm
Morphology
prepositional or nominal form
Gloss
before, in front of, east
Occurrences
2023
אָכִישׁ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'kysh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
21
מַלְכָּא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
מלך
Transliteration
mlk'
Morphology
prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss
from king
Occurrences
2509
דְגָת׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
דגת
Transliteration
dgt
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
6
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et immutavit os suum coram eis, et collabebatur inter manus eorum: et impingebat in ostia portæ, defluebantque salivæ ejus in barbam.

22 word entries
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
inmutavit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
immuto
Transliteration
inmutavit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
32
os
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
os
Transliteration
os
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
657
suum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
suus
Transliteration
suum
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
5783
coram
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
coram
Transliteration
coram
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
710
eis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
eis
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
conlabebatur
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
conlabebatur
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
2
inter
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
inter
Transliteration
inter
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
502
manus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
manus
Transliteration
manus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
1822
eorum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
eorum
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
inpingebat
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
impingo
Transliteration
inpingebat
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
15
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
ostia
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ostium
Transliteration
ostia
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
171
portae
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
porta
Transliteration
portae
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
412
defluebantque
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
defluo
Transliteration
defluebantque
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
23
{defluebantque}
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
que
Transliteration
{defluebantque}
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences
4392
salivae
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
saliua
Transliteration
salivae
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
3
eius
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
eius
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
barbam
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
barba
Transliteration
barbam
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
17

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Proverbs 29:25

The fear of man proves to be a snare, but whoever puts his trust in Yahweh is kept safe.

8 relevance votes

Ecclesiastes 7:7

Surely extortion makes the wise man foolish; and a bribe destroys the understanding.

5 relevance votes
Chapter 21 of 31 Verse 13 of 15