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Apocrypha · World English Bible

1 Maccabees 11

World English Bible, Verse 17

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¹⁷ Zabdiel the Arabian took off Alexander’s head, and sent it to Ptolemy.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Maccabees 11:17. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 3

Word Entries 28

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἀφειλε Ζαβδιὴλ ὁ Ἄραψ τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου, καὶ ἀπέστειλε τῷ Πτολεμαίῳ.

12 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀφειλε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀφειλε
Transliteration: apheile
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Ζαβδιὴλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: Ζαβδιὴλ
Transliteration: zabdiel
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ζαβδιὴλ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ἄραψ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: Ἄραψ
Transliteration: araps
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἄραψ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

κεφαλὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κεφαλή
Transliteration: kephalen
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss: head
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Head; by extension chief, top, or source.
Occurrences: 306

Ἀλεξάνδρου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀλεξάνδρου
Transliteration: alexandroy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀπέστειλε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀποστέλλω
Transliteration: apesteile
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it sent
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To send, send away, or commission.
Occurrences: 328

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Πτολεμαίῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πτολεμαίῳ
Transliteration: ptolemaio
Morphology: dative singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܢܣܒ ܙܝܒܐܝܠ ܥܪܒܝܐ ܪܫܗ ܕܐܠܟܣܢܕܪܘܣ ܘܫܕܪܗ ܠܦܛܘܠܡܐܘܣ

7 word entries

ܘܢܣܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܣܒ
Transliteration: wnsb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 104

ܙܝܒܐܝܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܙܝܒܐܝܠ
Transliteration: zyb'yl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܥܪܒܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܪܒܝܐ
Transliteration: 'rby'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 12

ܪܫܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܫܗ
Transliteration: rshh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 19

ܕܐܠܟܣܢܕܪܘܣ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܠܟܣܢܕܪܘܣ
Transliteration: d'lksndrws
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 3

ܘܫܕܪܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܫܕܪܗ
Transliteration: wshdrh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 9

ܠܦܛܘܠܡܐܘܣ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܦܛܘܠܡܐܘܣ
Transliteration: lptwlm'ws
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et abstulit Zabdiel Arabs caput Alexandri, et misit Ptolemæo.

9 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

abstulit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aufero
Transliteration: abstulit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 324

Gaddihel

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Gaddiel
Transliteration: Gaddihel
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 1

Arabs

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Arabs
Transliteration: Arabs
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 4

caput

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: caput
Transliteration: caput
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 501

Alexandri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Alexander
Transliteration: Alexandri
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 32

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

misit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mitto
Transliteration: misit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1165

Ptolomeo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ptolomeus
Transliteration: Ptolomeo
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 21

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