12 One of them, a prophet of their own, said, “Cretans are always liars, evil beasts, and idle gluttons.”
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Titus 1:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
56
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Εἶπέ τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης, Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται, κακὰ θηρία, γαστέρες ἀργαί.
14 word entries
Εἶπέ
τις
ἐξ
αὐτῶν
ἴδιος
αὐτῶν
προφήτης
Κρῆτες
ἀεὶ
ψεῦσται
κακὰ
θηρία
γαστέρες
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
εἶπέν τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης, Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται, κακὰ θηρία, γαστέρες ἀργαί.
14 word entries
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܡܪ ܐܢܫ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܢܒܝܐ ܕܝܠܗܘܢ ܕܒܢܝ ܩܪܛܐ ܒܟܠܙܒܢ ܕܓܠܝܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܚܝܘܬܐ ܒܝܫܬܐ ܘܟܪܣܬܐ ܒܛܝܠܬܐ
14 word entries
ܐܡܪ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܡܪ
- Transliteration
- emar
- Morphology
- verb root/form
- Gloss
- said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 885
ܐܢܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܫ
- Transliteration
- 'nsh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 323
ܡܢܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- mnhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 128
ܢܒܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܒܝܐ
- Transliteration
- nby'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 92
ܕܝܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dylhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 18
ܕܒܢܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܢܝ
- Transliteration
- dbny
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 22
ܩܪܛܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܪܛܐ
- Transliteration
- qrt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 5
ܒܟܠܙܒܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܟܠܙܒܢ
- Transliteration
- bklzbn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 41
ܕܓܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܓܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dglyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܐܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'nwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 462
ܚܝܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܝܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- hywt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 24
ܒܝܫܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܝܫܬܐ
- Transliteration
- bysht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 66
ܘܟܪܣܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܟܪܣܬܐ
- Transliteration
- wkrst'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܛܝܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܛܝܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- btylt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Dixit quidam ex illis, proprius ipsorum propheta: Cretenses semper mendaces, malæ bestiæ, ventres pigri.
14 word entries
dixit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dixit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
quidam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quidam
- Transliteration
- quidam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 306
ex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ex
- Transliteration
- ex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1715
illis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
proprius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- proprius
- Transliteration
- proprius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 39
ipsorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ipse
- Transliteration
- ipsorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2134
propheta
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- propheta
- Transliteration
- propheta
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 506
Cretenses
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Cretenses
- Transliteration
- Cretenses
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 1
semper
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- semper
- Transliteration
- semper
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 180
mendaces
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mendax
- Transliteration
- mendaces
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 42
malae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- malus
- Transliteration
- malae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 671
bestiae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- bestia
- Transliteration
- bestiae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 163
ventres
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uenter
- Transliteration
- ventres
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 74
pigri
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- piger
- Transliteration
- pigri
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 23
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Romans 16:18
For those who are such don’t serve our Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly; and by their smooth and flattering speech they deceive the hearts of the innocent.
6 relevance votes1 Timothy 4:2
through the hypocrisy of men who speak lies, branded in their own conscience as with a hot iron,
5 relevance votesActs 17:28
‘For in him we live, move, and have our being.’ As some of your own poets have said, ‘For we are also his offspring.’
4 relevance votes2 Peter 2:15
Forsaking the right way, they went astray, having followed the way of Balaam the son of Beor, who loved the wages of wrongdoing;
3 relevance votes2 Peter 2:12
But these, as unreasoning creatures, born natural animals to be taken and destroyed, speaking evil in matters about which they are ignorant, will in their destroying surely be destroyed,
2 relevance votesActs 2:11
Cretans and Arabians—we hear them speaking in our languages the mighty works of God!”
2 relevance votes