Ruth 1

World English Bible Updated, Verse 18

Show original chapter

¹⁸ When Naomi saw that she was determined to go with her, she stopped urging her.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ruth 1:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 66

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַתֵּ֕רֶא כִּֽי־מִתְאַמֶּ֥צֶת הִ֖יא לָלֶ֣כֶת אִתָּ֑הּ וַתֶּחְדַּ֖ל לְדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלֶֽיהָ׃

9 word entries

וַתֵּ֕רֶא

Lemma: c/7200
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7200
Occurrences: 487

כִּֽי

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

מִתְאַמֶּ֥צֶת

Lemma: 553
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hithpael participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H553
Occurrences: 18

הִ֖יא

Lemma: 1931
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H1931
Occurrences: 1188

לָלֶ֣כֶת

Lemma: l/3212
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3212
Occurrences: 86

אִתָּ֑הּ

Lemma: 854
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H854
Occurrences: 674

וַתֶּחְדַּ֖ל

Lemma: c/2308
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H2308
Occurrences: 14

לְדַבֵּ֥ר

Lemma: l/1696
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb piel infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1696
Occurrences: 56

אֵלֶֽיהָ

Lemma: 413
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 5170

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἰδοῦσα δὲ Νωεμὶν ὅτι κραταιοῦται αὐτὴ τοῦ πορεύεσθαι μετʼ αὐτῆς, ἐκόπασε τοῦ λαλῆσαι πρὸς αὐτὴν ἔτι.

16 word entries

Ἰδοῦσα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἰδοῦσα
Transliteration: idoysa
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

Νωεμὶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Νωεμὶν
Transliteration: noemin
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Νωεμὶν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 18

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

κραταιοῦται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κραταιοῦται
Transliteration: krataioytai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

αὐτὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πορεύεσθαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πορεύομαι
Transliteration: poreuesthai
Morphology: present middle/passive infinitive
Gloss: to go, to journey
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: To go, travel, journey, or walk.
Occurrences: 631

μετʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μετά
Transliteration: met
Morphology: preposition, elided form
Gloss: with, after
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences: 2247

αὐτῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἐκόπασε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐκόπασε
Transliteration: ekopase
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

λαλῆσαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λαλέω
Transliteration: lalesai
Morphology: aorist active infinitive
Gloss: to speak
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: To speak, say, or talk.
Occurrences: 734

πρὸς

Status: Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
Note: Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Lemma: πρὸς
Transliteration: pros
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with/toward
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: with/toward
Strong's: G4314
Occurrences: 3989

αὐτὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἔτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔτι
Transliteration: eti
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: still, yet, again
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: Still, yet, further.
Occurrences: 520

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܟܕ ܚܙܬ ܕܝܢ ܢܥܡܝ ܕܫܪܝܪܐܝܬ ܐܨܛܒ̣ܝܬ ܠܡܐܙܠ ܥܡܗ̣̇. ܫܠ̣ܝܬ ܡܢ ܕܠܡܐܡܪ ܠܗ̇ ܠܡܐܙܠ

13 word entries

ܟܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܕ
Transliteration: kd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 881

ܚܙܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܙܬ
Transliteration: hzt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 13

ܕܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܝܢ
Transliteration: dyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 951

ܢܥܡܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܥܡܝ
Transliteration: n'my
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 16

ܕܫܪܝܪܐܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܫܪܝܪܐܝܬ
Transliteration: dshryr'yt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 4

ܐܨܛܒ̣ܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܨܛܒܝܬ
Transliteration: 'stbyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 3

ܠܡܐܙܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܐܙܠ
Transliteration: lm'zl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 51

ܥܡܗ̣̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡܗ
Transliteration: 'mh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 328

ܫܠ̣ܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܠܝܬ
Transliteration: shlyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 7

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܕܠܡܐܡܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܠܡܐܡܪ
Transliteration: dlm'mr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 2

ܠܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗ
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2252

ܠܡܐܙܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܐܙܠ
Transliteration: lm'zl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 51

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וַחֲזָת אֲרוּם מְאוּלְּמָא הִיא לִמְהָךְ עִמַּהּ וּפְסַקַת מִלְּמַלָּלָא לַהּ׃

9 word entries

וַחֲזָת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חזת
Transliteration: wchzt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 16

אֲרוּם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארום
Transliteration: 'rwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 997

מְאוּלְּמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אולמא
Transliteration: m'wlm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 31

הִיא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: היא
Transliteration: hy'
Morphology: personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: she, it
Occurrences: 241

לִמְהָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מהך
Transliteration: lmhk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 25

עִמַּהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמה
Transliteration: 'mh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 59

וּפְסַקַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פסקת
Transliteration: wpsqt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 8

מִלְּמַלָּלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: למללא
Transliteration: mlmll'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 7

לַהּ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לה
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 260

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Videns ergo Noëmi quod obstinato animo Ruth decrevisset secum pergere, adversari noluit, nec ad suos ultra reditum persuadere:

19 word entries

videns

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uideo
Transliteration: videns
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1988

ergo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ergo
Transliteration: ergo
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1237

Noemi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Noemus
Transliteration: Noemi
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 15

quod

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quod
Transliteration: quod
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1241

obstinato

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: obstinatus
Transliteration: obstinato
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 1

Ruth

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ruth
Transliteration: Ruth
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 12

animo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: animus
Transliteration: animo
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 109

decrevisset

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: decerno
Transliteration: decrevisset
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 31

secum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sui
Transliteration: secum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1317

{secum}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: {secum}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5272

pergere

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pergo
Transliteration: pergere
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 163

adversari

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aduersor
Transliteration: adversari
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 16

noluit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nolo
Transliteration: noluit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 620

nec

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nec
Transliteration: nec
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 750

ultra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ultra
Transliteration: ultra
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 253

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

suos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sui
Transliteration: suos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1317

reditum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: reditus
Transliteration: reditum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 7

persuadere

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: persuadeo
Transliteration: persuadere
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 9

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Previous Verse

Chapter 1 of 4 Verse 18 of 22

Next Chapter Next Verse

Ruth 1

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Acts 21:14

Acts 2:42

Ephesians 6:10