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World English Bible Updated

Psalms 45

World English Bible Updated, Verse 2

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² You are the most excellent of the sons of men. Grace has anointed your lips, therefore God has blessed you forever.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 45:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 63

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

רָ֘חַ֤שׁ לִבִּ֨י ׀ דָּ֘בָ֤ר ט֗וֹב אֹמֵ֣ר אָ֭נִי מַעֲשַׂ֣י לְמֶ֑לֶךְ לְ֝שׁוֹנִ֗י עֵ֤ט ׀ סוֹפֵ֬ר מָהִֽיר׃

12 word entries

רָ֘חַ֤שׁ

Lemma: 7370
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7370
Occurrences: 1

לִבִּ֨י

Lemma: 3820 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3820
Occurrences: 463

דָּ֘בָ֤ר

Lemma: 1697
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1697
Occurrences: 866

ט֗וֹב

Lemma: 2896 a
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H2896
Occurrences: 278

אֹמֵ֣ר

Lemma: 559
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H559
Occurrences: 1301

אָ֭נִי

Lemma: 589
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H589
Occurrences: 693

מַעֲשַׂ֣י

Lemma: 4639
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4639
Occurrences: 158

לְמֶ֑לֶךְ

Lemma: l/4428
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4428
Occurrences: 201

לְ֝שׁוֹנִ֗י

Lemma: 3956
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3956
Occurrences: 72

עֵ֤ט

Lemma: 5842
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5842
Occurrences: 2

סוֹפֵ֬ר

Lemma: 5608 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5608
Occurrences: 16

מָהִֽיר

Lemma: 4106
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H4106
Occurrences: 3

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν καταφυγὴ καὶ δύναμις, βοηθὸς ἐν θλίψεσι ταῖς εὑρούσαις ἡμᾶς σφόδρα.

13 word entries

Ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Θεὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θεός
Transliteration: theos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: God, god
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity, or divine being.
Strong's: G2316
Occurrences: 3522

ἡμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

καταφυγὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: καταφυγὴ
Transliteration: kataphyge
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

δύναμις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δύναμις
Transliteration: dynamis
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: power, strength
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Power, strength, ability, army, or host.
Occurrences: 521

βοηθὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: βοηθὸς
Transliteration: boethos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 23

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

θλίψεσι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: θλίψεσι
Transliteration: thlipsesi
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ταῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

εὑρούσαις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: εὑρούσαις
Transliteration: eyroysais
Morphology: Greek -σαις form; dative plural or verbal form depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἡμᾶς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

σφόδρα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σφόδρα
Transliteration: sphodra
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: greatly, exceedingly
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: Very, exceedingly, greatly.
Occurrences: 384

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܒܥ ܠܒܝ ܦܬ̈ܓܡܐ ܛܒ̈ܐ ܘܐܡܪ ܥܒ̈ܕܝ ܡܠܟܐ ܠܫܢܝ ܩܢܝܗ ܕܣܦܪܐ ܡܗܝܪܐ

11 word entries

ܐܒܥ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܒܥ
Transliteration: 'b'
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3

ܠܒܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܝ
Transliteration: lby
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 73

ܦܬ̈ܓܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܬܓܡܐ
Transliteration: ptgm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 285

ܛܒ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܒܐ
Transliteration: tb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 113

ܘܐܡܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܡܪ
Transliteration: w'mr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1697

ܥܒ̈ܕܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܒܕܝ
Transliteration: 'bdy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 120

ܡܠܟܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܠܟܐ
Transliteration: malka
Morphology: noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss: king
Occurrences: 1870

ܠܫܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܫܢܝ
Transliteration: lshny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 10

ܩܢܝܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܢܝܗ
Transliteration: qnyh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3

ܕܣܦܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܣܦܪܐ
Transliteration: dspr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 16

ܡܗܝܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܗܝܪܐ
Transliteration: mhyr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 2

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

בָּעֵי לִבִּי מַמְלַל טָב אֵימַר אֲנִי עוֹבָדַי לְמַלְכָּא מַמְלַל לִישָׁנֵי מוֹחִי הֵיךְ קוֹלְמוֹס סַפְרָא רָגִיל׃

15 word entries

בָּעֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בעי
Transliteration: b'y
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 52

לִבִּי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לבי
Transliteration: lby
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 82

מַמְלַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מלל
Transliteration: mmll
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 62

טָב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טב
Transliteration: tb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 212

אֵימַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אימר
Transliteration: 'ymr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 29

אֲנִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אני
Transliteration: 'ny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 27

עוֹבָדַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עובדי
Transliteration: 'wbdy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 86

לְמַלְכָּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מלך
Transliteration: lmlk'
Morphology: prefixed preposition ל + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: to/for king
Occurrences: 2509

מַמְלַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מלל
Transliteration: mmll
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 62

לִישָׁנֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישני
Transliteration: lyshny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 9

מוֹחִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: וחי
Transliteration: mwchy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 26

הֵיךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היך
Transliteration: hyk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 459

קוֹלְמוֹס

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קולמוס
Transliteration: qwlmws
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

סַפְרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ספרא
Transliteration: spr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 102

רָגִיל׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רגיל
Transliteration: rgyl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

[Deus noster refugium et virtus; adjutor in tribulationibus quæ invenerunt nos nimis.

12 word entries

Deus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: deus
Transliteration: Deus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: God
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity
Etymology: Latin noun for God or a god.
Occurrences: 4889

noster

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: noster
Transliteration: noster
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1263

refugium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: refugium
Transliteration: refugium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 17

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

virtus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uirtus
Transliteration: virtus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 353

adiutor

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: adiutor
Transliteration: adiutor
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 55

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

tribulationibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tribulatio
Transliteration: tribulationibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 141

quae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

invenerunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inuenio
Transliteration: invenerunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 682

nos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nos
Transliteration: nos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1585

nimis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nimis
Transliteration: nimis
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 144

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 45

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