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Jump to a verse in Psalms 23

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World English Bible Updated

Psalms 23

World English Bible Updated, Verse 2

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² He makes me lie down in green pastures. He leads me beside still waters.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 23:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 47

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

בִּנְא֣וֹת דֶּ֭שֶׁא יַרְבִּיצֵ֑נִי עַל־מֵ֖י מְנֻח֣וֹת יְנַהֲלֵֽנִי׃

7 word entries

בִּנְא֣וֹת

Lemma: b/4999
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine plural construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4999
Occurrences: 1

דֶּ֭שֶׁא

Lemma: 1877
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1877
Occurrences: 14

יַרְבִּיצֵ֑נִי

Lemma: 7257
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7257
Occurrences: 22

עַל

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

מֵ֖י

Lemma: 4325
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4325
Occurrences: 325

מְנֻח֣וֹת

Lemma: 4496
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4496
Occurrences: 14

יְנַהֲלֵֽנִי

Lemma: 5095
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5095
Occurrences: 6

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Αὐτὸς ἐπὶ θαλασσῶν ἐθεμελιώσεν αὐτὴν, καὶ ἐπὶ ποταμῶν ἡτοίμασεν αὐτήν.

10 word entries

Αὐτὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἐπὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐπί
Transliteration: epi
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences: 6685

θαλασσῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: θαλασσῶν
Transliteration: thalasson
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

ἐθεμελιώσεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐθεμελιώσεν
Transliteration: ethemeliosen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

αὐτὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐπὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐπί
Transliteration: epi
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences: 6685

ποταμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ποταμῶν
Transliteration: potamon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

ἡτοίμασεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἡτοίμασεν
Transliteration: etoimasen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

αὐτήν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܥܠ ܡܪ̈ܓܐ ܕܥܘܫܢܐ ܢܫܪܝܢܝ ܘܥܠ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܢܝܚ̈ܐ ܢܕܒܪܢܝ

8 word entries

ܘܥܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W<L
Morphology: W-<L
Occurrences: 0

ܡܪ̈ܓܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MR"G>
Morphology: MRG/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܥܘܫܢܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D<WCN>
Morphology: D-<WCN/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܢܫܪܝܢܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: NCRJNJ
Morphology: !N!CRJ[-NJ
Occurrences: 0

ܘܥܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W<L
Morphology: W-<L
Occurrences: 0

ܡ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: M"J>
Morphology: M(J/J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܢܝܚ̈ܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: NJX">
Morphology: N(W&JX[/(J~>:p
Occurrences: 0

ܢܕܒܪܢܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: NDBRNJ
Morphology: !N!DBR[:d-NJ
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

בַּאֲתַר צִיחְתָא בַּהַנְיַת דִתְאִין יַשְׁרִינַנִי עַל מֵי נִיחַיָא דַבְּרֵנִי׃

9 word entries

בַּאֲתַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתר
Transliteration: b'tr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 216

צִיחְתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ציחתא
Transliteration: tsycht'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

בַּהַנְיַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הנית
Transliteration: bhnyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 4

דִתְאִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תאין
Transliteration: dt'yn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

יַשְׁרִינַנִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישרינני
Transliteration: yshrynny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

מֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מי
Transliteration: my
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 41

נִיחַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ניחיא
Transliteration: nychy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

דַבְּרֵנִי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ברני
Transliteration: dbrny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 7

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Quia ipse super maria fundavit eum, et super flumina præparavit eum.

13 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: *
Transliteration: *
Morphology: GreLa POS: other
Occurrences: 40

quia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quia
Transliteration: quia
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2543

;

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ;
Transliteration: ;
Morphology: GreLa POS: other
Occurrences: 131

ipse

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ipse
Transliteration: ipse
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 2134

super

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: super
Transliteration: super
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3146

maria

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mare
Transliteration: maria
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 490

fundavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fundo
Transliteration: fundavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 130

eum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

super

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: super
Transliteration: super
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3146

flumina

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: flumen
Transliteration: flumina
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 138

praeparavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: praeparo
Transliteration: praeparavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 123

eum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 23

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Revelation 7:17

Revelation 22:1

Psalms 46:4

Revelation 21:6

Revelation 22:17

Isaiah 30:23

Job 34:29

Isaiah 8:6