1 A revelation about Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum the Elkoshite.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Nahum 1:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
55
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
מַשָּׂ֖א נִֽינְוֵ֑ה סֵ֧פֶר חֲז֛וֹן נַח֖וּם הָאֶלְקֹשִֽׁי׃
6 word entries
מַשָּׂ֖א
סֵ֧פֶר
חֲז֛וֹן
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
ΛΗΜΜΑ Νινευὴ, βιβλίον ὁράσεως Ναοὺμ τοῦ Ἐλκεσαίου.
7 word entries
ΛΗΜΜΑ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- λημμα
- Transliteration
- lemma
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
Νινευὴ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Νινευὴ
- Transliteration
- nineye
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Νινευὴ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 18
βιβλίον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- βιβλίον
- Transliteration
- biblion
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- book, scroll
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Book, scroll, or document.
- Occurrences
- 140
ὁράσεως
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ὁράσεως
- Transliteration
- oraseos
- Morphology
- adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- ...ly / having ...
- Part of Speech
- adverb/participle form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 12
Ναοὺμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- Ναοὺμ
- Transliteration
- naoym
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ναοὺμ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
τοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Ἐλκεσαίου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐλκεσαίου
- Transliteration
- elkesaioy
- Morphology
- genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܚܘܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ ܕܒܣܦܪܐ ܕܚ̈ܙܘܢܐ ܕܢܚܘܡ ܐܠܩܘܫܝܐ
6 word entries
ܡܚܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܚܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- mhwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 41
ܕܢܝܢܘܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܝܢܘܐ
- Transliteration
- dnynw'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 4
ܕܒܣܦܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܣܦܪܐ
- Transliteration
- dbspr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܚ̈ܙܘܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܙܘܢܐ
- Transliteration
- dhzwn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܢܚܘܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܚܘܡ
- Transliteration
- dnhwm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܐܠܩܘܫܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܠܩܘܫܝܐ
- Transliteration
- 'lqwshy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 1
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
מְטַל כַּס דִלְוָט לְאַשְׁקָאָה יַת נִינְוֵה מִלְקָדְמִין אִתְנַבֵּי עֲלָהּ יוֹנָה בַּר אֲמִתַּי נְבִיָא דְמִגַת חֵפֶר וְתָבַת מֵחוֹבָהָא וּכְדוֹ דְאוֹסִיפַת לְמֶחֱטֵי תַּב וְאִתְנַבֵּי עֲלָהּ נָחוּם מִבֵּית קוֹשִׁי כְּמָא דִכְתִיב בְּסִפְרָא הָדֵין׃
30 word entries
מְטַל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מטל
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 26
כַּס
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כס
- Transliteration
- ks
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 28
דִלְוָט
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לוט
- Transliteration
- dlwt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 34
לְאַשְׁקָאָה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אשקאה
- Transliteration
- l'shq'h
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 17
יַת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 4303
נִינְוֵה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נינוה
- Transliteration
- nynwh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 16
מִלְקָדְמִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לקדמין
- Transliteration
- mlqdmyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 37
אִתְנַבֵּי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתנבי
- Transliteration
- 'tnby
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 89
עֲלָהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עלה
- Transliteration
- 'lh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 188
יוֹנָה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יונה
- Transliteration
- ywnh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 27
בַּר
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בר
- Transliteration
- br
- Morphology
- noun masculine singular
- Gloss
- son
- Occurrences
- 2734
אֲמִתַּי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אמתי
- Transliteration
- 'mty
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 4
נְבִיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נביא
- Transliteration
- nby'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 422
דְמִגַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מגת
- Transliteration
- dmgt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 8
חֵפֶר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חפר
- Transliteration
- chpr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 14
וְתָבַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תבת
- Transliteration
- wtbt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 25
מֵחוֹבָהָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חובהא
- Transliteration
- mchwbh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 7
וּכְדוֹ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כדו
- Transliteration
- wkdw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 20
דְאוֹסִיפַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אוסיפת
- Transliteration
- d'wsypt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
לְמֶחֱטֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מחטי
- Transliteration
- lmchty
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 15
תַּב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תב
- Transliteration
- tb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 33
וְאִתְנַבֵּי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתנבי
- Transliteration
- w'tnby
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 89
עֲלָהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עלה
- Transliteration
- 'lh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 188
נָחוּם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נחום
- Transliteration
- nchwm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
מִבֵּית
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בית
- Transliteration
- mbyt
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition מ + noun construct/absolute
- Gloss
- from house, household
- Occurrences
- 2611
קוֹשִׁי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קושי
- Transliteration
- qwshy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
כְּמָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כמא
- Transliteration
- km'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 322
דִכְתִיב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כתיב
- Transliteration
- dktyb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 37
בְּסִפְרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ספרא
- Transliteration
- bspr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 102
הָדֵין׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הדין
- Transliteration
- hdyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 604
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Onus Ninive. Liber visionis Nahum Elcesæi.
6 word entries
onus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- onus
- Transliteration
- onus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 82
Nineve
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nineue
- Transliteration
- Nineve
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 5
liber
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- liber
- Transliteration
- liber
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 252
visionis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uisio
- Transliteration
- visionis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 82
Naum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Nahum
- Transliteration
- Naum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2
Helcesei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Helcesius
- Transliteration
- Helcesei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Zephaniah 2:13
He will stretch out his hand against the north, destroy Assyria, and will make Nineveh a desolation, as dry as the wilderness.
6 relevance votesJonah 1:2
“Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and preach against it, for their wickedness has come up before me.”
4 relevance votesZechariah 9:1
A revelation. The LORD’s word is against the land of Hadrach, and will rest upon Damascus— for the eye of man and of all the tribes of Israel is toward the LORD—
4 relevance votesIsaiah 13:1
The burden of Babylon, which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw.
3 relevance votesNahum 2:8
But Nineveh has been from of old like a pool of water, yet they flee away. “Stop! Stop!” they cry, but no one looks back.
3 relevance votesGenesis 10:11
Out of that land he went into Assyria, and built Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, Calah,
3 relevance votesIsaiah 14:28
This burden was in the year that King Ahaz died.
1 relevance votesIsaiah 23:1
The burden of Tyre. Howl, you ships of Tarshish! For it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in. From the land of Kittim it is revealed to them.
1 relevance votesIsaiah 15:1
The burden of Moab. For in a night, Ar of Moab is laid waste, and brought to nothing. For in a night Kir of Moab is laid waste, and brought to nothing.
1 relevance votesIsaiah 21:1
The burden of the wilderness of the sea. As whirlwinds in the South sweep through, it comes from the wilderness, from an awesome land.
1 relevance votesIsaiah 22:1
The burden of the valley of vision. What ails you now, that you have all gone up to the housetops?
0 relevance votesIsaiah 19:1
The burden of Egypt. “Behold, the LORD rides on a swift cloud, and comes to Egypt. The idols of Egypt will tremble at his presence; and the heart of Egypt will melt within it.
0 relevance votes